风速缺失情况下风电场功率调度分析

为了得到最优风电场功率调度方案,必须掌握任意时刻各风机风速输入值,进而得出各风机出力大小。当风速测量仪出现故障而不能正常工作时,风电机组风速数据将出现错误或缺失。建立线性回归方程,找出每台机组间输入风速的联系便可得到缺失的风速值。当风场发生“空转弃风”时,电网管理部门下达限电指令,风电场输出指定规模的有功、无功功率。将风场内所有双馈异步发电机损耗最低为目标函数,确定有功、无功调度方案。运用MATLAB软件建立风场模型,仿真结果验证了调度模型的可行性。     

球齿轮传动齿廓接触特性分析

 对球齿轮齿廓进行了接触特性研究。在建立了球齿轮齿廓曲面方程和啮合模型基础上,利用计算机仿真的方法对其进行了齿面接触分析研究。针对球齿轮啮合传动时接触形式表现为轮齿凸面与马鞍面之间的点接触,对啮合齿面的接触椭圆进行了分析计算,确定了接触椭圆的方向和尺寸,得到了球齿轮机构在任一偏摆平面内啮合传动时接触椭圆的变化规律：在轮齿根部和顶部啮合时,接触椭圆较小,因而接触应力较大;而在轮齿中部啮合时,接触椭圆较大,所以接触应力较小。上述结论对进一步研究球齿轮的传动理论与实际应用具有重要的指导意义。     

A variational Bayesian-based robust adaptive filtering for precise point positioning using undifferenced and uncombined observations

In the application of precise point positioning (PPP), especially in the dynamic mode, the classical Kalman filter (KF) usually produces a large number of estimation errors or diverges when there are gross errors in the observation data or unexpected turbulences occur in target motion state or both of them. For such problem, a variational Bayesian (VB)-based robust adaptive Kalman filtering (VB-RAKF) is proposed in this paper. This filter introduces a classification robust equivalent weight function to resist observation gross error and the inverse Wishart prior to model inaccurate process noise covariance matrix (PNCM). To improve the instantaneous accuracy of state estimation, the VB approach is used to obtain better estimations of inaccurate PNCM. Several sets of observation data collected by IGS reference stations and vehicles are employed to check the robustness and positioning accuracy of the VB-RAKF model. The results show that the VB-RAKF algorithm is more robust than the KF, and can effectively resist the gross error in observation data and control state disturbance. In the IGS reference station tests, when compared to the KF, the static positioning accuracies of the VB-RAKF in the north, east and up directions are improved by 13%, 8% and 22%, respectively, and the simulated dynamic positioning accuracies of the VB-RAKF in the north, east and up directions are improved by 19%, 9% and 21%, respectively. The in-vehicle dynamic test verifies that the VB-RAKF outperforms the KF, and shows that the VB-RAKF has better performance than the KF when dealing with observation data which has obvious gross errors, and similar performance as the KF when gross errors are small.     

一种面向在轨服务的空间遥操作人机交互方法

为了解决人在遥操作回路中,人与操作目标时空隔离、缺乏环境信息和天地回路大时延等实际问题,以及减少空间机器人缺乏自主智能性和操作者手抖颤等不利因素,针对空间在轨服务操作交互问题,提出一种基于增强虚拟安全通道(AVSC)的分层辅助遥操作(LAT)方法。首先,设计组合体增强虚拟安全通道,通过给主端操作者施加虚拟引导力辅助完成操作任务,与徒手操作相比,操作时间短、操作平稳;其次,设计分层辅助遥操作系统,通过获取空间机器人末端与期望轨迹上最近点之间的距离,在安全通道内划分不同的虚拟力场,辅助操作者更加灵活地操作。演示实验表明,该方法利用力触觉和视觉信息,引导操作者控制空间机器人末端运动至期望位置,可以有效地提高操作精度、减轻操作者心理压力和减少操作时间。     

Performance assessment of real-time multi-GNSS integrated PPP with uncombined and ionospheric-free combined observables

For precise position services, the real-time precise point positioning (PPP) is a promising technology. The real-time PPP performance is expected to be improved by multi-system combination. The performance of real-time multi-system PPP needs to be periodically investigated, with the increasing number of available satellites and the continuously improved quality of real-time precise products of satellite clocks and orbits. In this study, a comprehensive performance assessment is conducted for the four-system integrated real-time PPP (FSIRT-PPP) with GPS, BDS, Galileo and GLONASS in both static and kinematic modes. The datasets from 118 stations spanning approximately a month are used for analysis, and the real-time stream CLK93 is employed. The superior performance of FSIRT-PPP is validated by comparing with the results of GPS/BDS, GPS/Galileo, GPS/GLONASS, GPS-only, BDS-only, Galileo-only and GLONASS-only cases. The FSIRT-PPP using ionospheric-free (IF) combined observables can achieve a convergence time of 10.9, 4.8 and 11.8 min and a positioning accuracy of 0.4, 0.5 and 0.7 cm in the static mode in the east, north and up directions, respectively, while the derived statistic is 15.4, 7.0 and 16.4 min, and 1.6, 1.2 and 3.4 cm in the kinematic mode in the three directions, respectively. Moreover, we also compare the position solutions of real-time PPP adopting IF combined and uncombined (UC) observables, and prove the mathematical equivalence between the two PPP models in the converged stage, provided that there are no external ionospheric corrections or constraints given to the estimated ionospheric delays in the UC model. The difference between the fully converged positioning accuracy of IF-based and UC-based real-time PPP is marginal, but the UC-based real-time PPP has longer convergence time due to the influence of the significant unmodeled time-varying errors in the real-time precise products as well as the different parameterization between them. For completeness, the real-time kinematic PPP results in harsh environments and the post-processed PPP results are also presented.     

融合句嵌入的VAACGAN多对多语音转换

针对非平行文本条件下语音转换质量不理想、说话人个性相似度不高的问题，提出一种融合句嵌入的变分自编码辅助分类器生成对抗网络（VAACGAN）语音转换方法，在非平行文本条件下，有效实现了高质量的多对多语音转换。辅助分类器生成对抗网络的鉴别器中包含辅助解码器网络，能够在预测频谱特征真假的同时输出训练数据所属的说话人类别，使得生成对抗网络的训练更为稳定且加快其收敛速度。通过训练文本编码器获得句嵌入，将其作为一种语义内容约束融合到模型中，利用句嵌入包含的语义信息增强隐变量表征语音内容的能力，解决隐变量存在的过度正则化效应的问题，有效改善语音合成质量。实验结果表明:所提方法的转换语音平均MCD值较基准模型降低6.67%，平均MOS值提升8.33%，平均ABX值提升11.56%，证明该方法在语音音质和说话人个性相似度方面均有显著提升，实现了高质量的语音转换。      

Ambiguity resolution in precise point positioning with hourly data for global single receiver

Integer ambiguity resolution (IAR) can improve precise point positioning (PPP) performance significantly. IAR for PPP became a highlight topic in global positioning system (GPS) community in recent years. More and more researchers focus on this issue. Progress has been made in the latest years. In this paper, we aim at investigating and demonstrating the performance of a global zero-differenced (ZD) PPP IAR service for GPS users by providing routine ZD uncalibrated fractional offsets (UFOs) for wide-lane and narrow-lane. Data sets from all IGS stations collected on DOY 1, 100, 200 and 300 of 2010 are used to validate and demonstrate this global service. Static experiment results show that an accuracy better than 1 cm in horizontal and 1–2 cm in vertical could be achieved in ambiguity-fixed PPP solution with only hourly data. Compared with PPP float solution, an average improvement reaches 58.2% in east, 28.3% in north and 23.8% in vertical for all tested stations. Results of kinematic experiments show that the RMS of kinematic PPP solutions can be improved from 21.6, 16.6 and 37.7 mm to 12.2, 13.3 and 34.3 mm for the fixed solutions in the east, north and vertical components, respectively. Both static and kinematic experiments show that wide-lane and narrow-lane UFO products of all satellites can be generated and provided in a routine way accompanying satellite orbit and clock products for the PPP user anywhere around the world, to obtain accurate and reliable ambiguity-fixed PPP solutions.     

工作流模型时间与费用性能评估算法

对无环工作流模型的时间与费用性能参数进行分析,通过引入循环结构的提取算法,实现对有环工作流模型的时间与费用性能评估.利用改进的Tarjan算法和七元组来提取和存储每一个循环结构的参数信息.分析所有的七元组,计算所有标志节点的进度与费用值.有环结构中的循环结构在被提取完之后,会转化为无环结构,利用无环模型的算法即可进行进度与费用的评估.实验证明:算法能很有效地评估复杂模型的进度与费用性能,算法执行效率高,计算结果准确.     

低密度双基体烧蚀防热材料

采用硅基针刺毡作为增强体、先后浸渍无机和有机树脂基体的两次复合工艺,可制成密度＜1.20g/cm3的双基体烧蚀防热材料.通过马弗炉烘烤、石英灯静态隔热、电弧风洞加热三种方式考核材料的剩余强度、抗变形能力、隔热性能和抗冲刷能力.结果表明:该材料在有氧条件下,经马弗炉1 100℃、3000s烘烤,剩余基体还有20wt％,材料仍具有一定强度;石英灯加热至l 200℃,总时长1200s的条件下,25 mm厚的试样最终背温＜120℃;电弧风洞考核显示,材料抗冲刷能力强,880 s时,25 mm厚材料背温仅有71℃.     

基于XML语言和代理模型的翼型通用气动数据库技术

建立翼型气动数据库对翼型的选择和设计具有重要的意义。本文基于一种建立翼型通用气动数据库的思想,介绍该数据库的基本框架和基本功能;该数据库采用一种基于可扩展标记语言的通用数据格式进行存储,包含翼型几何特性数据、不同流动状态下力系数、物面压力分布等各种气动数据,并且还可提供灵活多样的数据处理功能;采用代理模型和变可信度模型技术,实现气动数据快速检索和插值功能。通过DU93-W-210翼型算例初步表明如何实现气动数据生成和快速插值,从而初步展示了所提出翼型气动数据库技术的可行性。