着陆姿态对地外天体表层采样的影响研究

表层采样技术是获得地外天体特性的重要手段,是完成地外天体采样任务的一项关键技术。文章结合4自由度表层采样装置的特点,建立了表层采样装置的逆运动学模型,分析了极限着陆姿态下表层采样装置安装位置在当地参考坐标系中的变化,并针对一次封装与二次封装过程中表层采样装置的位置和姿态要求,明确了末端采样器姿态补偿方法,提出了着陆姿态对表层采样影响的分析算法。仿真结果表明,该算法能有效分析着陆姿态对表层采样的影响,可为表层采样装置适应性设计提供支持。     

Biomedical problems of EVA support during manned space flight to Mars

Current projects of manned missions to Mars are aimed to their realization in the second-third decades of this century. The purpose of this paper is to determine and review the main biomedical problems, that require a first and foremost decision for safety support of extravehicular activity (EVA) carried out by crewmembers of the Mars expedition. To a number of such problems the authors of the paper attribute a creation of adequate EVA equipment intended, first, for assembly of interplanetary spacecraft on the Earth orbit, performance of maintenance operations and scientific researches on the external surface of spacecraft during interplanetary flight and, secondly, for work on the Mars surface. New generation of space suits with low weight, high mobility and acceptable risk of decompression sickness must be as a central component of EVA equipment. The program for preparation to a Mars expedition also has to include special investigations in order to design the means and methods for a reliable protection of crew against space radiation, to elaborate the approach to medical monitoring and primary medical care during autonomous space mission, to maintain good health condition of crewmembers during EVA under the Mars gravity (0.38 g) after super long-term flight in weightlessness.     

一类增量式支持向量机的分析

针对训练数据发生增量改变时,标准一类支持向量机的批处理算法需要重新进行训练,不适合在线增量环境学习的问题,提出一种详细的增量式标准一类分类向量机算法,并通过理论分析对该算法的可行性和有限收敛性进行了证明,确保该算法的每步调整都是可靠的,并确保该算法通过有限步调整最终收敛到问题的最优解。在标准数据集上的实验结果验证了理论分析的正确性。     

基于代理模型的气动外形平面参数多目标匹配设计

将Kriging代理模型和Pareto遗传算法引入气动外形平面参数匹配设计中,提出一种基于代理模型的多目标平面参数匹配设计方法。将拉丁超立方试验设计用于平面参数筛选,确定出参数匹配方案库;基于方案库的计算流体力学(CFD)分析结果构建Kriging气动代理模型;将Kriging模型替代CFD分析,用于气体布局参数匹配优化设计,提高了设计效率并保证了可信度;通过Pareto遗传算法优化解决多点设计要求下气动布局参数匹配问题,一次性给出参数匹配方案的最优解集,从Pareto前沿中根据设计偏向选择气动布局最佳匹配方案。以典型的双后掠布局平面参数多点匹配优化设计问题作为算例,研究结果表明:Kriging气动代理模型与实际CFD分析结果的误差均小于5%,满足精度要求;根据不同设计偏向,选择了3种参数匹配Pareto优化方案,与原样本方案相比超声速阻力减小6.0%~12.8%,跨声速升阻比增加0.01%~3.40%,证明了匹配设计方法的有效性;通过试验设计的Pareto分析与主、交互效应分析,获得了气动布局平面参数对气动性能影响的定量关系,能够为参数匹配设计提供依据。所提出的平面参数匹配设计方法可应用于其他常规与非常规气动布局型式。     

Solution of the Problem of Optimal Spacecraft Launching into Orbit Using Reactive Acceleration and Solar Sail in Kustaanheimo–Stiefel Variables

Cosmic Research - Using the Pontryagin maximum principle and the Kustaanheimo–Stiefel variables, the spatial problem of optimal launching into a given orbit of a spacecraft (SC) controlled by...     

LIFE: Life Investigation For Enceladus A Sample Return Mission Concept in Search for Evidence of Life

Abstract Life Investigation For Enceladus (LIFE) presents a low-cost sample return mission to Enceladus, a body with high astrobiological potential. There is ample evidence that liquid water exists under ice coverage in the form of active geysers in the "tiger stripes" area of the southern Enceladus hemisphere. This active plume consists of gas and ice particles and enables the sampling of fresh materials from the interior that may originate from a liquid water source. The particles consist mostly of water ice and are 1-10?μ in diameter. The plume composition shows H(2)O, CO(2), CH(4), NH(3), Ar, and evidence that more complex organic species might be present. Since life on Earth exists whenever liquid water, organics, and energy coexist, understanding the chemical components of the emanating ice particles could indicate whether life is potentially present on Enceladus. The icy worlds of the outer planets are testing grounds for some of the theories for the origin of life on Earth. The LIFE mission concept is envisioned in two parts: first, to orbit Saturn (in order to achieve lower sampling speeds, approaching 2 km/s, and thus enable a softer sample collection impact than Stardust, and to make possible multiple flybys of Enceladus); second, to sample Enceladus' plume, the E ring of Saturn, and the Titan upper atmosphere. With new findings from these samples, NASA could provide detailed chemical and isotopic and, potentially, biological compositional context of the plume. Since the duration of the Enceladus plume is unpredictable, it is imperative that these samples are captured at the earliest flight opportunity. If LIFE is launched before 2019, it could take advantage of a Jupiter gravity assist, which would thus reduce mission lifetimes and launch vehicle costs. The LIFE concept offers science returns comparable to those of a Flagship mission but at the measurably lower sample return costs of a Discovery-class mission. Key Words: Astrobiology-Habitability-Enceladus-Biosignatures. Astrobiology 12, 730-742.     

The European Astronaut Centre prepares for International Space Station operations

The European Space Agency (ESA) contribution to the International Space Station (ISS) goes much beyond the delivery of hardware like the Columbus Laboratory, its payloads and the Automated Transfer Vehicles. ESA Astronauts will be members of the ISS crew. ESA, according to its commitments as ISS international partner, will be responsible to provide training on its elements and payloads to all ISS crewmembers and medical support for ESA astronauts. The European Astronaut Centre (EAC) in Cologne has developed over more than a decade into the centre of expertise for manned space activities within ESA by contributing to a number of important co-operative spaceflight missions. This role will be significantly extended for ISS manned operations. Apart from its support to ESA astronauts and their onboard operations, EAC will have a key role in training all ISS astronauts on ESA elements and payloads. The medical support of ISS crew, in particular of ESA astronauts has already started. This paper provides an overview on status and further plans in building up this homebase function for ESA astronauts and on the preparation towards Training Readiness for ISS crew training at EAC, Cologne. Copyright 2001 by the European Space Agency. Published by the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc., with permission. Released to IAF/IAA/AIAA to publish in all forms.     

波音787飞机装配技术及其装配过程

波音公司基于全球协同环境GCE研制的787绿色环保客机,虽然尚未试飞,但它的一系列全新的飞机装配理念、方法和技术,就已经引起航空制造业界的极大关注.     

eLoran系统ASF网格应用算法研究

ASF网格是提高增强型罗兰(Enhanced Long Range Navigation,eLoran)系统精度的重要方法。根据所在网格四个顶点的附加二次时延(Added Secondary Factor,ASF)值通过网格应用算法得到待测试点的ASF值,一定程度上比公式计算的ASF值更准确。在计算过程中,用户四个顶点ASF值的测量误差会传递给用户,同时内插算法本身也会引入误差,此时内插算法的选择尤为重要。本文通过仿真、分析比较几种常用的内插算法,得出结论:反距离插值算法引入的误差最大,双线应插值算法引入的误差最小,而且误差呈现一定层次感,网格从内到外误差逐渐减小。     

缝合复合材料弹性常数细观力学模型的分析比较

对近几年来公开发表的缝合复合材料弹性常数的细观力学模型进行了分析比较。通过计算对比了铺层纤维面内弯折、正弦波状弯曲、多项式描述纤维弯曲三个典型的缝合复合材料弹性常数的细观力学分析模型。结果表明,采用面内纤维弯折假设的弹性常数分析模型对缝纫参数的改变不敏感;采用面内纤维弯曲假设的模型对缝纫参数改变敏感,不同模型得到的弹性常数随缝纫参数变化趋势几乎是相同的。但是,假设纤维在针脚附近只有部分纤维发生弯曲比假设纤维全部发生弯曲得到的结论更合理。