Analysis of an arbitrarily loaded shell of revolution based on the finite element method in a mixed formulation

The volume finite element in the form of hexahedron with nodal unknowns as components of the displacement vector and stress tensor has been developed to analyze the shells of revolution. The displacement vector components for the inner point of the finite element and the components of its stress tensor are expressed through the nodal unknowns using the method of vector and tensor fields interpolation by the trilinear shape functions; that provides taking into account the finite element displacement as a whole solid. The variational principle in a mixed formulation is applied to form the matrix of hexahedron deformation. The efficiency of the proposed method for approximating the values being sought as vector and tensor fields in comparison with the traditional method for approximating the values being sought as scalar fields is confirmed by a numerical example.     

某型教练机起落架信号电路改进设计

针对某型教练机存外场使用时出现起落架未放到位，而飞行员却没能及时发现的问题，本文对飞机起落架信号电路进行了分析，并提出了相应的改进措施。     

Clouds and Earth Radiant Energy System (CERES), a review: Past,present and future

The Clouds and Earth Radiant Energy System (CERES) project’s objectives are to measure the reflected solar radiance (shortwave) and Earth-emitted (longwave) radiances and from these measurements to compute the shortwave and longwave radiation fluxes at the top of the atmosphere (TOA) and the surface and radiation divergence within the atmosphere. The fluxes at TOA are to be retrieved to an accuracy of 2%. Improved bidirectional reflectance distribution functions (BRDFs) have been developed to compute the fluxes at TOA from the measured radiances with errors reduced from ERBE by a factor of two or more. Instruments aboard the Terra and Aqua spacecraft provide sampling at four local times. In order to further reduce temporal sampling errors, data are used from the geostationary meteorological satellites to account for changes of scenes between observations by the CERES radiometers.     

Determination of station positions and velocities from laser ranging observations to Ajisai,Starlette and Stella satellites

The positions and velocities of the four Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) stations: Yarragadee (7090), Greenbelt (7105), Graz (7839) and Herstmonceux (7840) from 5-year (2001–2005) SLR data of low orbiting satellites (LEO): Ajisai, Starlette and Stella were determined. The orbits of these satellites were computed from the data provided by 20 SLR stations. All orbital computations were performed by means of NASA Goddard’s GEODYN-II program. The geocentric coordinates were transformed to the topocentric North–South, East–West and Vertical components in reference to ITRF2005. The influence of the number of normal points per orbital arc and the empirical acceleration coefficients on the quality of station coordinates was studied. To get standard deviation of the coordinates determination lower than 1 cm, the number of the normal points per site had to be greater than 50. The computed positions and velocities were compared to those derived from LAGEOS-1/LAGEOS-2 data. Three parameters were used for this comparison: station coordinates stability, differences from ITRF2005 positions and velocities. The stability of coordinates of LEO satellites is significantly worse (17.8 mm) than those of LAGEOS (7.6 mm), the better results are for Ajisai (15.4 mm) than for Starlette/Stella (20.4 mm). The difference in positions between the computed values and ITRF2005 were little bit worse for Starlette/Stella (6.6 mm) than for LAGEOS (4.6 mm), the results for Ajisai were five times worse (29.7 mm) probably due to center of mass correction of this satellite. The station velocities with some exceptions were on the same level (≈1 mm/year) for all satellites. The results presented in this work show that results from Starlette/Stella are better than those from Ajisai for station coordinates determination. We can applied the data from LEO satellites, especially Starlette and Stella for determination of the SLR station coordinates but with two times lower accuracy than when using LAGEOS data.     

金属切削变形过程的有限元仿真初探

切削加工是一个复杂的切削变形过程,工作条件非常恶劣,传统的研究方法主要基于试验研究,物理过程跟踪观察困难,且试验成本非常高,如要想获得较多的试验数据,需采用较多的试验方法,做较多的试验,这样才能使得人们对各种材料的切削性能有较深刻的了解。然而,运用有限元分析、借助于计算机技术等可以用较低的成本揭示切削加工过程,且在较短的时间内能获得较为丰富的各种数据,这对实际生产有极大的帮助。     

Solid nanomembrane manufacture using ion-plasma action

A process of manufacture of porous membranes made of aluminum foil (Al 99.99%) by the method of electrochemical anodic oxidation followed by a continuous barrier layer removal with ion-plasma irradiation is described. The membranes having a 8 mm diameter made from AL2O3 with a thickness from 2 to 5 microns thick with a regular channel arrangement are obtained. A possibility to change the channel diameter in the range of 20?C100 nm by adjusting voltage and temperature during the oxidation is shown. We present the experimental dependencies of aluminum and aluminum oxide sputtering coefficients on the energy and incidence angle of xenon ions within the energy range of 100??400 eV.     

The Magnetic Electron Ion Spectrometer (MagEIS) Instruments Aboard the Radiation Belt Storm Probes (RBSP) Spacecraft

This paper describes the Magnetic Electron Ion Spectrometer (MagEIS) instruments aboard the RBSP spacecraft from an instrumentation and engineering point of view. There are four magnetic spectrometers aboard each of the two spacecraft, one low-energy unit (20–240 keV), two medium-energy units (80–1200 keV), and a high-energy unit (800–4800 keV). The high unit also contains a proton telescope (55 keV–20 MeV). The magnetic spectrometers focus electrons within a selected energy pass band upon a focal plane of several silicon detectors where pulse-height analysis is used to determine if the energy of the incident electron is appropriate for the electron momentum selected by the magnet. Thus each event is a two-parameter analysis, an approach leading to a greatly reduced background. The physics of these instruments are described in detail followed by the engineering implementation. The data outputs are described, and examples of the calibration results and early flight data presented.     

Comparative analysis of mixing chambers for two multiphase flows of oppositely charged particles

In this paper, we formulated the criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of mixing chambers, needed in obtaining polymeric materials with reproducible properties. The results of comparative analysis of organizing the methods for mixing two multiphase flows of oppositely charged particles are presented. This analysis, carried out using CFD programs, shows that the mixing chamber construction in which the flows being mixed are directed at an angle to each other, and additional gas flow inlets are provided in the lateral wall, is the most efficient.     

Characterization of Kalman filter residuals in the presence ofmismodeling

The mean and covariance of a Kalman filter residual are computed for specific cases in which the Kalman filter model differs from a linear model that accurately represents the true system (the truth model). Multiple model adaptive estimation (MMAE) uses a bank of Kalman filters, each with a different internal model, and a hypothesis testing algorithm that uses the residuals from this bank of Kalman filters to estimate the true system model. At most, only one Kalman filter model will exactly match the truth model and will produce a residual whose mean and standard deviation have already been analyzed. All of the other filters use internal models that mismodel the true system. We compute the effects of a mismodeled input matrix, output matrix, and state transition matrix on these residuals. The computed mean and covariance are compared with simulation results of flight control failures that correspond to mismodeled input matrices and output matrices     

球形粒子在流体中的跟随性

本文从Maxey和Riley的粒子运动基本方程出发,得到了球形固体粒子在相对流动雷诺数很小情形下的分析解。讨论了粒子跟随性对外力、初始条件和流场性质的依赖关系;对均匀湍流场,分析了不同密度比和扰动频率对跟随性的影响