关于无源铷频标中光漂移和缓冲气体漂移问题

本文报道了无源铷频标中光漂移和缓冲气体漂移的计算和测量结果。光漂移是以两种接法,即分立滤光器法和集成滤光器法进行测量的。文章介绍一种能够恰如其份地描述所得结果的唯象分析方法,报道了不同的纯净缓冲气体或混合缓冲气体引起的频率漂移的测量结果,评述了频率与温度的非线性关系,将所得结果跟从前发表的数据做了比较,并且利用二次温度方程式进行简明分析,以进一步对这些结果加以说明。     

Search for the OH (X(2)Pi) Meinel band emission in meteors as a tracer of mineral water in comets: detection of N(2)(+) (A-X)

We report the discovery of the N(2)(+) A-X Meinel band in the 780-840 nm meteor emission from two Leonid meteoroids that were ejected less than 1000 years ago by comet 55P/Tempel-Tuttle. Our analysis indicates that the N(2)(+) molecule is at least an order of magnitude less abundant than expected, possibly as a result of charge transfer reactions with meteoric metal atoms. This new band was found while searching for rovibrational transitions in the X(2)Pi electronic ground state of OH (the OH Meinel band), a potential tracer of water bound to minerals in cometary matter. The electronic A-X transition of OH has been identified in other Leonid meteors. We did not detect this OH Meinel band, which implies that the excited A state is not populated by thermal excitation but by a mechanism that directly produces OH in low vibrational levels of the excited A(2)Sigma state. Ultraviolet dissociation of atmospheric or meteoric water vapor is such a mechanism, as is the possible combustion of meteoric organics.     

Automation and Robotics for Human Mars Exploration (AROMA)

Automation and Robotics (A&R) systems are a key technology for Mars exploration. All over the world initiatives in this field aim at developing new A&R systems and technologies for planetary surface exploration. From December 2000 to February 2002 Kayser-Threde GmbH, Munich, Germany lead a study called AROMA (Automation and Robotics for Human Mars Exploration) under ESA contract in order to define a reference architecture of A&R elements in support of a human Mars exploration program. One of the goals of this effort is to initiate new developments and to maintain the competitiveness of European industry within this field.     

UV photochemistry of DNA in vitro and in Bacillus subtilis spores at earth-ambient and low atmospheric pressure: implications for spore survival on other planets or moons in the solar system

Two major parameters influencing the survival of Bacillus subtilis spores in space and on bodies within the Solar System are UV radiation and vacuum, both of which induce inactivating damage to DNA. To date, however, spore survival and DNA photochemistry have been explored only at the extremes of Earth-normal atmospheric pressure (101.3 kPa) and at simulated space vacuum (10(-3)-10(-6) Pa). In this study, wild-type spores, mutant spores lacking alpha/beta-type small, acid-soluble spore proteins (SASP), naked DNA, and complexes between SASP SspC and DNA were exposed simultaneously to UV (254 nm) at intermediate pressure (1-2 Pa), and the UV photoproducts cis,syn-thymine-thymine cyclobutane dimer (c,sTT), trans,syn-thymine-thymine cyclobutane dimer (t,sTT), and "spore photoproduct" (SP) were quantified. At 101.3 kPa, UV-treated wild-type spores accumulated only SP, but spores treated with UV radiation at 1-2 Pa exhibited a spectrum of DNA damage similar to that of spores treated at 10(-6) Pa, with accumulation of SP, c,sTT, and t,sTT. The presence or absence of alpha/beta-type SASP in spores was partly responsible for the shift observed between levels of SP and c,sTT, but not t,sTT. The changes observed in spore DNA photochemistry at 1-2 Pa in vivo were not reproduced by irradiation of naked DNA or SspC:DNA complexes in vitro, suggesting that factors other than SASP are involved in spore DNA photochemistry at low pressure.     

基于高保真有限元模型失谐叶盘受迫响应的统计特性

采用极值理论分析失谐叶盘最大受迫响应的统计特性并应用于某压气机叶盘上。对失谐叶盘进行减缩建模,运用蒙特卡洛方法模拟响应计算,研究不同激励阶次下最大响应放大因子的分布特性。采用极值理论对最大响应放大因子分布进行统计学建模,以极大似然估计方法求解未知参数,进行分布拟合,并采用K-S(Kolmogorov-Smirnov)检验方法检验各分布函数拟合的好坏程度。对某压气机叶盘进行失谐响应统计特性分析,对比了7种分布函数对最大响应放大因子的拟合效果,结果表明:极值分布、二参数威布尔分布、正态分布、对数正态分布和伽马分布拟合效果较差;常用的三参数威布尔分布不如广义极值分布的拟合效果好。因此,说明广义极值分布更能准确地描述失谐叶盘动力响应的统计特性。      

脉冲干扰条件下雷达自适应恒虚警算法及其体系结构

本文提出一种用于信号处理的新型并行算法以及带有自适应检测后积累（API）的恒虚警（CFAR）处理器的并行systolic结构。这种处理器用于脉冲干扰条件下雷达对小型机载目标回波的单个距离分辨率单元中的有效目标检测。这种算法的主要特征是在进行噪声水平估计前能自动地确定并删除二维参考窗口及检测单元中受脉冲干扰污损的不希望的样本。通过这种方法可将脉冲干扰环境对自适应门限处理的影响减至最低程度。对这种目标控制自满的统计分析表明，即便在脉冲干扰的功率与频率都非常高的情况下，信噪比损失也微乎其微。设计了CFAR API的Systolic结构。Systolic结构的基本微量尺度为处理器单元的数目、计算时间及实时实现所需的加速度。     

天线系统的计算机辅助设计（CAD）

介绍了解决天线问题的计算机方法，讨论了这些方法的利与弊，没有一种计算机程序能解决所有的天线问题，这就需要用户用经验来判断选用哪种方法适于解决遇到的问题，虽然计算机的配置越好，就能解决复杂程度越深的问题，但是，所有电磁（CEM）计算软件在主要物理特性上却丰在一些根本限制，在易于使用和用户友好方面也还存在不足。     

GPS授时校频方法研究与试验结果

为了解决多目标综合测量系统各测站之间时间同步和频率校准问题,提出了利用GPS(Global Positioning System)单星或多星共视方法进行站间时间同步与校频,给出了这两种方法的计算公式,分析了星历误差、星钟误差、电离层折射误差、对流层折射误差、多径效应和接收机硬件延迟对时间同步精度的影响.为了验证GPS授时校频精度,进行了相关试验.通过与铯原子钟比对,表明利用GPS可实现纳秒级时间同步,校频精度也优于5.0×10-11,多星共视具有更高的同步校频精度.      

新型无电极晶体振荡器的性能

无电极(BVA)石英晶体振荡器已在法国的Besancon研制成功并由瑞士的Neuchat-el oscilloquartz S.A.进行工业化生产。这种谐振器使石英晶体振荡器的长期性能得到改善。由于允许较高的激励电平,所以也保证了较好的短期稳定度[5][6]。已经用三种不同的振荡器获得了实验结