反战术弹道导弹引信炸点控制算法研究

本文推导了ATBM寻的引信最佳炸点控制算法，及使用定向战斗部时所需的弹体坐标系中的脱靶方位，其中对应于最佳炸点的最佳延时为剩余飞行时间减去破片飞行时间。文中根据战斗部的尺寸对炸点控制所允许的误差进行了简单分析，及根据不同交会条件下的计算结果给出了几点实用性建议。     

新世纪初的世界航天保险

近几年来，世界航天保险市场动荡不安，特别是美国2001年“9．11”事件带动了整个保险市场保险费率的急剧上扬。由于发射失败或在轨卫星出现故障导致保险索赔数量的增加，航天保险的保险费率更是创下了历史新高，1999—2002年骤增129％。     

Production of neutrons from interactions of GCR-like particles

In order to help assess the risk to astronauts due to the long-term exposure to the natural radiation environment in space, an understanding of how the primary radiation field is changed when passing through shielding and tissue materials must be obtained. One important aspect of the change in the primary radiation field after passing through shielding materials is the production of secondary particles from the breakup of the primary. Neutrons are an important component of the secondary particle field due to their relatively high biological weighting factors, and due to their relative abundance, especially behind thick shielding scenarios. Because of the complexity of the problem, the estimation of the risk from exposure to the secondary neutron field must be handled using calculational techniques. However, those calculations will need an extensive set of neutron cross section and thicktarget neutron yield data in order to make an accurate assessment of the risk. In this paper we briefly survey the existing neutron-production data sets that are applicable to the space radiation transport problem, and we point out how neutron production from protons is different than neutron production from heavy ions. We also make comparisons of one the heavy-ion data sets with Boltzmann-Uehling-Uhlenbeck (BUU) calculations.     

MX第一级

1980年在 Montery 召开的 JANNAF 会议上,介绍了 MX 第一级原始方案论证及制订的研制方案。这篇新资料评论了最初的两次静态试验所取得的结果。     

Structural and functional changes in man accompanying the weightlessness in "Skylab" flights: a mathematical approach

The present paper reports a kinetic analysis of changes of some physiological parameters, obtained from international literature, after changes in gravitational environment. The overall phenomenology of the adaptation to weightlessness is characterized by a rapid process followed by a slow one. The two processes show half time values differing by about five times. Also in the case of readaptation to gravity, after recovery on the Earth, two well resolved processes, showing different half time values, are observed. It is of interest to notice that the rate of response to weightlessness is lower than that to gravity. Of course, the half time values observed depend on the different physiological parameters considered. In any case, the experimental data suggest a general trend of many adaptive changes, that may all be described by a simple mathematical model.     

Mineral and nitrogen balance study: results of metabolic observations on Skylab II 28-day orbital mission

Prediction that the various stresses of flight, particularly weightlessness, would bring about significant derangements in the metabolism of the musculoskeletal system has been based on various observations of long-term immobilized or inactive bed rest. The only attempt at controlled measurement of metabolic changes in space prior to Skylab, a study during the 14-day Gemini VII flight, revealed rather modest losses of important elements. The three astronauts of Skylab II consumed a planned day-by-day, quite constant, dietary intake of major metabolic elements in mixed foods and beverages and provided virtually complete collections of excreta for 31 days preflight, during the 28 days inflight, and for 17 days postflight. Analyses showed that, in varying degree among the crewmen, urinary calcium increased gradually during flight in a pattern similar to that observed in bed-rest studies: the mean plateau peak of urinary calcium excretion in the latter part of flight was double preflight levels. Fecal calcium excretion did not change significantly, but calcium balance, owing to the urinary calcium rise, became either negative or less positive than in preflight measurement. Increased excretion and negative balance of nitrogen and phosphorus indicated appreciable loss of muscle tissue in all three crewmen. Significant losses also occurred inflight in potassium, sodium, and magnesium. Based on the similarity in pattern and degree between these observations and those in bed rest of the losses in calcium, phosphorus, and nitrogen, musculoskeletal integrity would not be threatened in space flights of up to at least 3 months. However, if similar changes occur, indicative of continuing losses of these elements, in the planned Skylab flights for considerably more than 28 days, concern for capable musculoskeletal function should be serious for flights of very many months' duration, and greater research attention will need to be given to development of protective counter-measures.     

基于有限元模拟的管材内高压成形模具设计与优化

设计模具需要丰富的生产实践经验,新产品、新工艺的模具设计不可能一次成功,或多或少都会存在一些结构上的不合理或其他缺陷,产品因而不能顺利成形。为了解决这些问题,本文对管材内高压成形的过程用MSC.Marc有限元模拟软件进行模拟,验证模具结构上的合理性,发现存在的缺陷并进行模具的重新优化。这样可以弥补经验设计的不足,缩短了模具设计制造周期,提高了工作效率,避免了因不合理的设计而导致的资源浪费,对类似的模具设计有一定借鉴作用。     

单片微机在弹上遥测设备中的应用

为了使弹上遥测设备体积小、功能全,采用了单片微机技术.给出了微机的硬件电路和软件设计,介绍了利用软件编程来实现各遥测信号的采集、编码、处理和发送方法.     

初温对几种复合推进剂点火性能的影响

本文根据气相点火理论,对丁羟类四种不同配方的高氯酸铵复合固体推进剂的点火延迟时间受初温的影响,从理论和实验两方面作了深入探讨,并得出了半经验公式。该公式建立了初温对复合固体推进剂点火性能影响的定量关系,这对正确设计固体火箭发动机具有重要的参考价值.