COMPUTATION OF UNSTEADY AERODYNAMIC FORCES ON WINGS WITH NAVIER-STOCKS EQUATIONS

INTRODUCTIONFor the requirement of instantaneity of un-steady flows,the minimal time step is needed,which leads to a requirement for a large numberof time steps.To an explicit method,it marchesvery slowly and many of the acceleration tech-niques used for steady flows cannot be used be-cause they destroy the time accuracy.The“dual-time” method allows an implicit discretisation tobe used in real time,but at each real time stepmarches the solution in a pseudo time to steadystate,through an …     

ON THE CONSTRUCTION OF A JACOBI MATRIX FROM ITS SPECTRUM AND A SUBMATRIX

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OPTIMAL DESIGN AND AERODYNAMIC CALCULATION OF WING CONFIGURATION OF CIVIL AIRCRAFT

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A NEW METHOD TO JUDGE THE ENHANCEMENT OF HEAT TRANSFER IN THE TRAILING EDGE OF TURBINE BLADES

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DUAL NUMBER TRANSFORMATION AND ITS APPLICATION TO ROBOT WITH REDUNDANCY

ＤＵＡＬＮＵＭＢＥＲＴＲＡＮＳＦＯＲＭＡＴＩＯＮＡＮＤＩＴＳＡＰＰＬＩＣＡＴＩＯＮＴＯＲＯＢＯＴＷＩＴＨＲＥＤＵＮＤＡＮＣＹＷａｎｇｈｕｉａｎ（ＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＡｕｔｏｍａｔｉｃＣｏｎｔｒｏｌ．ＮＵＡＡ２９ＹｕｄａｏＳｔｒｅｅｔ，Ｎａｎｊｉｎ...     

ENTROPY CHARACTERISTICS OF MAGNETIC REFRIGERANTS

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Effects of microgravity on muscular explosive power of the lower limbs in humans

The maximal explosive power of the lower limbs of one astronaut has been measured before launch, and 2, 6 and 11 days after re-entry from 31 days on the MIR Station (EUROMIR '94). The subject, sitting on the carriage-seat of a Multipurpose Ergometer-Dynamometer (MED) constructed ad hoc in our laboratory, pushed maximally with both feet on two force platforms (knees angle 110 degrees). The carriage was free to move backwards on two rails inclined 20 degrees upwards. The force (F) of the lower limbs and the speed of the carriage (v) were recorded and the instantaneous mechanical power (w) was calculated as w = F * v. The average value of the mechanical power (w max) throughout the explosive effort was then obtained. The overall duration of the push was on the average about 0.3 s. It was observed that, at day R+2, mean force, maximal velocity, maximal power (mean and peak), maximal acceleration and overall mechanical work, were all reduced between 60 and 80% of pre-flight values. However, the recovery was remarkably fast, since all these parameters attained about 90% of pre-flight values by day R+11.     

DARA vestibular equipment onboard MIR

In space, the weightless environment provides a different stimulus to the otolith organs of the vestibular system, and the resulting signals no longer correspond with the visual and other sensory signals sent to the brain. This signal conflict causes disorientation. To study this and also to understand the vestibular adaptation to weightlessness, DARA has developed scientific equipment for vestibular and visuo-oculomotoric investigations. Especially, two video-oculography systems (monocular--VOG--and binocular--BIVOG, respectively) as well as stimuli such as an optokinetic stimulation device have successfully been employed onboard MIR in the frame of national and European missions since 1992. The monocular VOG was used by Klaus Flade during the MIR '92 mission, by Victor Polyakov during his record 15 months stay onboard MIR in 1993/94 as well as by Ulf Merbold during EUROMIR '94. The binocular version was used by Thomas Reiter and Sergej Avdeyev during the 6 months EUROMIR '95 mission. PIs of the various experiments include H. Scherer and A. Clarke (FU Berlin), M. Dieterichs and S. Krafczyk (LMU Munchen) from Germany as well as C.H. Markham and S.G. Diamond from the United States. Video-Oculography (VOG) is a technique for examining the function of the human balance system located in the inner ear (vestibular system) and the visio-oculomotor interactions of the vestibular organ. The human eye movements are measured, recorded and evaluated by state-of-the-art video techniques. The method was first conceived and designed at the Vestibular Research Laboratory of the ENT Clinic in Steglitz, FU Berlin (A. Clarke, H. Scherer). Kayser-Threde developed, manufactured and tested the facilities for space application under contract to DARA. Evaluation software was first provided by the ENT Clinic, Berlin, later by our subcontractor Sensomotoric Instruments (SMI), Teltow. Optokinetic hardware to support visuo-oculomotoric investigations, has been shipped to MIR for EUROMIR '95 and has successfully been used in conjunction with VOG by ESA astronaut Thomas Reiter. Most recently, BIVOG aboard MIR will be reused in the frame of German/Russian joint experiment sessions employing two Russian cosmonauts from August 1997 to January 1998.     

飞行数据采集和处理系统(FDAPS)用软件

FDAPS系统是一个高速、方便和多用户系统,它从总体上对硬件和软件作了折衷。本文介绍系统的软件,讨论其工作方式和操作方法,并用具体图例说明。     

试验机载监视雷达地面动目标识别的多普勒后和多普勒前STAP的雷达杂波对消性能比较

本文报导了多普勒前和多普勒后STAP处理算法用于相同试验数据时的性能比较研究，这些数据由QinetiQ公司改进型监视雷达收集。这两种算法的性能是用杂波对消比和目标信号改善因子（有STAP和没有STAP处理的信号对杂波加噪声之比）来定量研究的。结果表明可以使多普勒前和多普勒后STAP具有相同的杂波对消水平。 所得到的结果是明亮的目标特征会影响到STAP处理器并减弱全部的杂波对消。我们已经发现对于两个相位中心试验雷达数据而言，与简单的固定窗多普勒后STAP算法相比，PRI来回变化的多普勒后STAP使杂波对消有很大的提高。还发现动窗或辅助单元多普勒后STAP的应用会降低处理器的输出。将最后距离多普勒图归一化以防止热噪声的加强并去除随着多普勒而改变的权范数的变化，这是在STAP处理后进行探测算法解读和应用关键的一步。