有源电扫阵列雷达系统特征

根据与代表法国、德国和英国国防部的法国当局所签订的合同，GTDAR（GEC　Thomson　Dasa机载雷达EEIG）着手进行的欧洲AMSAR（机载多重角色固态有源阵列雷达）研究项目的研究目的是验证机栽雷达系统AESA（有源电扫阵列）的能力。 AESA给人深刻印象的技术优点有：使用收发模块（TRM）灵活设计的天线、天线的小安装厚度和TRM的低RF损失。根据这些特征，可以实现机载雷达系统的新设计原理。因此，有可能设计出多面阵列，并使它们最适于飞机上的工作要求和安装限制。而且，应用AESA技术，能灵活组合收发模块，形成接收时具有自适应波束方向图的子阵列。本文简述多面阵列的多种构成可能性和有源电扫雷达系统所具有的能力。 本文最后将给出AMSAR项目计划要验证的多面阵列能力。     

“德尔它”商用中型运载火箭

概述“德尔它”Ⅱ中型运载火箭发射商用载荷的情况.“德尔它”系列火箭的特点是可靠性很高.航天飞机的失事,使美国重新考虑起用一次性使用运载火箭.“德尔它”Ⅱ便能满足90年代卫星商业市场的需求,经过不断改进,它最终能将1450—1800kg的载荷送上地球同步轨道.详细介绍“德尔它”Ⅱ的性能与各级的结构特点,及火箭目前的研制状况.     

My favorite Martians: NASA uncovers evidence of ancient life on Mars

The possibility of life on Mars is explored through the recently found meteorite ALH84001. Thought to have left Mars 16 million years ago, the meteorite was found on an Antarctic ice shelf in 1984. Carbonate globules were found containing microfossils and unusual mineral compounds. NASA researchers believe they have found single-celled fossils resembling nanobacteria fossils found on Earth, but caution that much more research is required.     

Bacillus subtilis spores on artificial meteorites survive hypervelocity atmospheric entry: implications for Lithopanspermia

An important but untested aspect of the lithopanspermia hypothesis is that microbes situated on or within meteorites could survive hypervelocity entry from space through Earth's atmosphere. The use of high-altitude sounding rockets to test this notion was explored. Granite samples permeated with spores of Bacillus subtilis strain WN511 were attached to the exterior telemetry module of a sounding rocket and launched from White Sands Missile Range, New Mexico into space, reaching maximum atmospheric entry velocity of 1.2 km/s. Maximum recorded temperature during the flight was measured at 145 degrees C. The surfaces of the post-flight granite samples were swabbed and tested for recovery and survival of WN511 spores, using genetic markers and the unique DNA fingerprint of WN511 as recovery criteria. Spore survivors were isolated at high frequency, ranging from 1.2% to 4.4% compared with ground controls, from all surfaces except the forward-facing surface. Sporulation-defective mutants were noted among the spaceflight survivors at high frequency (4%). These experiments constitute the first report of spore survival to hypervelocity atmospheric transit, and indicate that sounding rocket flights can be used to model the high-speed atmospheric entry of bacteria-laden artificial meteorites.     

Hydrogen emission in meteors as a potential marker for the exogenous delivery of organics and water

We detected hydrogen Balmer-alpha (H(alpha)) emission in the spectra of bright meteors and investigated its potential use as a tracer for exogenous delivery of organic matter. We found that it is critical to observe the meteors with high enough spatial resolution to distinguish the 656.46 nm H(alpha) emission from the 657.46 nm intercombination line of neutral calcium, which was bright in the meteor afterglow. The H(alpha) line peak stayed in constant ratio to the atmospheric emissions of nitrogen during descent of the meteoroid. If all of the hydrogen originates in the Earth's atmosphere, the hydrogen atoms are expected to have been excited at T = 4400 K. In that case, we measured an H(2)O abundance in excess of 150 +/- 20 ppm at 80-90 km altitude (assuming local thermodynamic equilibrium in the air plasma). This compares with an expected <20 ppm from H(2)O in the gas phase. Alternatively, meteoric refractory organic matter (and water bound in meteoroid minerals) could have caused the observed H(alpha) emission, but only if the line is excited in a hot T approximately 10000 K plasma component that is unique to meteoric ablation vapor emissions such as Si(+). Assuming that the Si(+) lines of the Leonid spectrum would need the same hot excitation conditions, and a typical [H]/[C] = 1 in cometary refractory organics, we calculated an abundance ratio [C]/[Si] = 3.9 +/- 1.4 for the dust of comet 55P/Tempel-Tuttle. This range agreed with the value of [C]/[Si] = 4.4 measured for comet 1P/Halley dust. Unless there is 10 times more water vapor in the upper atmosphere than expected, we conclude that a significant fraction of the hydrogen atoms in the observed meteor plasma originated in the meteoroid.     

带有补偿电路的互换性硅压力传感器

该文介绍硅压阻式压力传感器。利用多晶硅电阻元件补偿温度影响,该传感器工作范围广,有互换性,兼具多种优点。掺入硼杂质,调节温度系数和灵敏度等重要参量。硅片处理包括615℃时用LPCVD法形成多晶硅;两次掺硼;950℃氮中老化30分钟;湿法制作图案。给出特性参数。工作温度-30～+125℃,满刻度输出7.5mV/V。     

Carotid artery pulsatility during parabolic flights

In cardio-vascular hemodynamic, the arterial pulsatility, represented by the arterial pulse pressure (PP= systolic blood pressure-diastolic blood pressure), is different from one site to another, in opposite with the mean blood pressure almost identical in the whole body in supine position (or in microgravity). This is due to the arterial tree geometry and regional differences in the distensibility properties of the arterial wall. As the level of blood pressure opposed to the cardiac left ventricle work is the central pressure, on one hand and as the arterial pulsatility at the site of arterial baro-receptors (located on aortic arch and carotid arteries' bifurcation) regulates the sympathetic and vagal control of heart and peripheral resistances on the other hand, to determine the evolution of this central pulse pressure is of major importance in the knowledge of cardio-vascular hemodynamic during hyper or hypogravity as observed during parabolic flights. The aim of this study was to evaluate noninvasively the carotid artery pulsatility and mechanic properties during parabolic flights.     

Effects of unilateral selective hypergravity stimulation on gait

The purpose of this work is to analyse the neural mechanisms of human motor perturbations induced by dynamic changes in gravity. A unilateral selective hypergravity stimulation (USHS) was produced by stretching an elastic band between the right shoulder and foot. The consequences of the extensor muscle tone change due to the positioning (increased muscular loading) and to its removal (decreased muscular loading) by the elastic band were observed on motor gait skill. Gait spatio-temporal parameters (horizontal displacement of both feet) and lower limb functional length variations (efficiency of flexion and extension movements of the lower limbs) were measured. The latter measure was performed using a device specially designed for that purpose. The main results were: (1) during and after USHS, gait perturbations appeared on the left--the body side not directly stimulated, (2) just after the end of USHS, perturbations were present on the right (homolateral) side evidencing a post treatment effect which caused a decrease in functional shortening of the lower limb during extension and an increase of functional shortening of the lower limb during stance (opposite in sense to the modification observed during swing). Such results afford evidence that, in addition to vestibular receptors, the mechanoreceptors of extensor muscles are involved in determining the changes in motor skills observed at the beginning and at the end of space flights.     

用静磁表面波延迟线构成振荡器

本文介绍利用外延钇铁石榴石(以下简称YIG)膜的静磁表面波构成静磁表面波延迟线振荡器的实验研究。通过“提升”换能器的应用,得到了一种压缩延迟线带宽的新方法。我们发现,单模工作的调谐范围主要受延迟线外部电路电长度的限制。外部电长度每改变360°,延迟线上就出现频率跃变。已经得到的最大调谐范围大约为600兆赫。这个范围主要受所用的AVANTEK砷化镓场效应晶体管放大器的限制,该放大器的电长度大致等效于45厘米的空气传输线。结论是,如果外部电路的电长度能尽量缩短(理想地做到O),就可能在一个倍频程或更宽频带内实现单模工作。     

数字频率合成的新途径

本文介绍了从1Hz到399999Hz以1Hz步进频率合成新技术。合成的波形是对称方波,与晶体管—晶体管逻辑(TTL)相容。它所使用的合成算法为高效率使用系统的数字式仪器创造了条件。整套设备是由一个输入装置、一个BCD/二进制转换器、一个二进制分频器、一个数字式比较器和一个锁相环(PLL)倍频器组成。