加速度灵敏度优于2×10~(-10)/g的SC切10MHz高Q晶体的设计

力一频效应的理论和实验研究证明,晶体谐振器的加速度灵敏度直接与装架的位置和结构有关。本文的目的就是要阐明低灵敏度晶体谐振器的一种新的设计方法。加在晶体振动部份的表面力和体积力的影响都必须加以考虑。本文将详细介绍这种新的设计方案。统计结果表明,目前在工业上在最不合适的轴向上能够达到的加速度灵敏度在3×10~(-11)/g和2×10~(-10)/g之间。这些数值是用相位调制反射计或用传统的振荡器以“2g翻转”测试法在所有方向上进行试验测得的(均以5MHz和10MHz加以说明。)     

推力向量控制技术的论证

大西洋研究公司(ARC)与法国欧洲推进公司(SEP)共同进行先进向量控制方案的设计和论证试验。方案之一是超声速分离线喷管,该推力向量控制试验系由曾在标准(轴向)试车台进行过试验的基本型弹道发动机在ARC的多分力试车台上完成的。超声速分离线喷管是在60年代研制的一种很有希望的方案,由于受当时材料的限制而放弃了;随着喷管材料的新发展,证明该方案有进一步开发的必要,因为它可提供较大的偏转角。SEP制造的一种先进的轻型耐高温复合材料NOVEL-TEX,已被选用为ARC试验的喷管喉衬和出口维。本文叙述了发动机和推力向量控制系统的设计、试验装置和试验结果。     

协助监视任务控制中心软件状态的一种专家系统的开发

这种专家系统的功能是协助监视航天指控中心(MCC)的软件状态。目前,这项工作是由打印机操作手完成的,他密切注视联机打印机,打印机会打印出各种状态和差错信息,他把某些信息报告给指控中心的各位操作手,首先是计算机管理人员。这种专家系统能分辨哪些状态信息很重要、它们意味着什么,它们对准更重要,并能报告相应的状态信息。     

The mass and speed dependence of meteor air plasma temperatures

The speed and mass dependence of meteor air plasma temperatures is perhaps the most important data needed to understand how small meteoroids chemically change the ambient atmosphere in their path and enrich the ablated meteoric organic matter with oxygen. Such chemistry can play an important role in creating prebiotic compounds. The excitation conditions in various air plasma emissions were measured from high-resolution optical spectra of Leonid storm meteors during NASA's Leonid Multi-Instrument Aircraft Campaign. This was the first time a sufficient number and range of temperature measurements were obtained to search for meteoroid mass and speed dependencies. We found slight increases in temperature with decreasing altitude, but otherwise nearly constant values for meteoroids with speeds between 35 and 72 km/s and masses between 10(-5) g and 1 g. We conclude that faster and more massive meteoroids produce a larger emission volume, but not a higher air plasma temperature. We speculate that the meteoric plasma may be in multiphase equilibrium with the ambient atmosphere, which could mean lower plasma temperatures in a CO(2)-rich early Earth atmosphere.     

带有补偿电路的互换性硅压力传感器

该文介绍硅压阻式压力传感器。利用多晶硅电阻元件补偿温度影响,该传感器工作范围广,有互换性,兼具多种优点。掺入硼杂质,调节温度系数和灵敏度等重要参量。硅片处理包括615℃时用LPCVD法形成多晶硅;两次掺硼;950℃氮中老化30分钟;湿法制作图案。给出特性参数。工作温度-30～+125℃,满刻度输出7.5mV/V。     

有源电扫阵列雷达系统特征

根据与代表法国、德国和英国国防部的法国当局所签订的合同，GTDAR（GEC　Thomson　Dasa机载雷达EEIG）着手进行的欧洲AMSAR（机载多重角色固态有源阵列雷达）研究项目的研究目的是验证机栽雷达系统AESA（有源电扫阵列）的能力。 AESA给人深刻印象的技术优点有：使用收发模块（TRM）灵活设计的天线、天线的小安装厚度和TRM的低RF损失。根据这些特征，可以实现机载雷达系统的新设计原理。因此，有可能设计出多面阵列，并使它们最适于飞机上的工作要求和安装限制。而且，应用AESA技术，能灵活组合收发模块，形成接收时具有自适应波束方向图的子阵列。本文简述多面阵列的多种构成可能性和有源电扫雷达系统所具有的能力。 本文最后将给出AMSAR项目计划要验证的多面阵列能力。     

匹配子空间STAP的空时自回归滤波

实用的空时自适应处理（STAP）算法取决于降维处理，采用了诸如主要分量或部分自适应滤波器的技术。降维不仅可以减轻计算量，还能减少估算干扰统计所需的采样。这样的结果源于假设杂波方差具有特定（非参数）结构。我们验证了如何将参数结构加在杂波和干扰上，以进一步减少计算和二次采样。这个方法称为空时自回归（STAR）滤波，它采用了两个步骤：首先，构造一个结构子空间，该子空间正交于有杂波和干扰驻留的结构子空间，其次，用与该子空间匹配的检测器可确定是否有目标存在。我们采用圆形阵STAP的实际仿真数据组，证实了该方法能够显著地降低信号-干扰与杂波比（SINR）的损耗，且计算量小于其它常用算法。在低2次采样情况下该STAR算法同样能取得很好的性能，这个特点对非平稳杂波的状况更有吸引力。     

Adaptive environmental control for optimal results during plant microgravity experiments

The SVET Space Greenhouse (SG)--the first and the only automated plant growth facility onboard the MIR Space Station in the period 1990-2000 was developed on a Russian-Bulgarian Project in the 80s. The aim was to study plant growth under microgravity in order to include plants as a link of future Biological Life Support Systems for the long-term manned space missions. An American developed Gas Exchange Measurement System (GEMS) was added to the existing SVET SG equipment in 1995 to monitor more environmental and physiological parameters. A lot of long-duration plant flight experiments were carried out in the SVET+GEMS. They led to significant results in the Fundamental Gravitational Biology field--second-generation wheat seeds were produced in the conditions of microgravity. The new International Space Station (ISS) will provide a perfect opportunity for conducting full life cycle plant experiments in microgravity, including measurement of more vital plant parameters, during the next 15-20 years. Nowadays plant growth facilities for scientific research based on the SVET SG functional principles are developed for the ISS by different countries (Russia, USA, Italy, Japan, etc.). A new Concept for an advanced SVET-3 Space Greenhouse for the ISS, based on the Bulgarian experience and "know-how" is described. The absolute and differential plant chamber air parameters and some plant physiological parameters are measured and processed in real time. Using the transpiration and photosynthesis measurement data the Control Unit evaluates the plant status and performs adaptive environmental control in order to provide the most favorable conditions for plant growth at every stage of plant development in experiments. A conceptual block-diagram of the SVET-3 SG is presented.     

My favorite Martians: NASA uncovers evidence of ancient life on Mars

The possibility of life on Mars is explored through the recently found meteorite ALH84001. Thought to have left Mars 16 million years ago, the meteorite was found on an Antarctic ice shelf in 1984. Carbonate globules were found containing microfossils and unusual mineral compounds. NASA researchers believe they have found single-celled fossils resembling nanobacteria fossils found on Earth, but caution that much more research is required.