AN OPTICAL FIBRE SENSOR BASED CUTTING FORCE MEASURING DEVICE

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LORENTZ TIME-SPACE TRANSFORMATION IS A APPROXIMATE CALCULATION METHOD IN AERODYNAMICS FOR COMPRESSIBILITY

1　 LORENZ TRANSFORMATIONEXISTED IN AERODYNAMICANALYSISIn earlier paper a relation between magnetand fluid is deduced.Naturally we can think thedeep meaning of it.And man asks:does theaerodynamic system also has the character ofmagnet field?To answer this question,relativityspace- time wave equation are analyzed.It de-scribes the same phenomena of the wave equationof compress fluid in normal space and time.It isamazement.In normal compressible fluid thenon- dimensional simp…     

稀土Y对低膨胀高温合金显微组织和界面的影响

运用分析电子显微术、高分辨电子显微术、化学相分析和 X-射线衍射等方法分析研究了Fe-Ni-Co-Nb-Ti-Si低膨胀高温合金的相组成和相结构 ,以及稀土对合金的组织和性能的影响规律。结果显示 ,微量的稀土主要存在于合金的片状相中 ,并使其晶体结构发生变化。加入适量的稀土 Y后 ,合金片状相变得更加细密、均匀。和不含稀土的低膨胀高温合金相比 ,含 Y的低膨胀高温合金中片状相与基体的晶格错配由 0 .7%下降到 0 .0 7% ,表明界面应力明显下降     

超音速空气流中气动斜坡喷嘴喷射氦的实验研究

介绍一种新式矩阵喷嘴的实验结果。设计这种喷嘴的目的是为在超音速空气流中, 由壁面喷射氦而产生旋涡相互作用以达到强化掺混。在2种喷射压力下Ma=1的氦气喷入Ma=3的空气主流中, 实验数据包括氦浓度和总压损失。发现矩阵喷嘴在431kPa下喷射氦其掺混率优于顺喷单孔喷嘴（喷射角为15°和30°）, 在轴线处矩阵喷嘴的总压损失也低于单孔喷嘴。      

LES of film cooling for different jet fluids

The present paper investigates the impact of the velocity and density ratio on the turbulent mixing process in gas turbine blade film cooling.A cooling fluid is injected from an inclined pipe at α=30° into a turbulent boundary layer profile at a freestream Reynolds number of Re∞=400000.This jet-in-a-crossflow(JICF) problem is investigated using large-eddy simulations(LES).The governing equations comprise the Navier-Stokes equations plus additional transport equations for several species to simulate a non-reacting gas mixture.A variation of the density ratio is simulated by the heat-mass transfer analogy,i.e.,gases of different density are effused into an an air crossflow at a constant temperature.An efficient large-eddy simulation method for low subsonic flows based on an implicit dual time-stepping scheme combined with low Mach number preconditioning is applied.The numerical results and experimental velocity data measured using two-component particle-image velocimetry (PIV) are in excellent agreement.The results show the dynamics of the flow field in the vicinity of the jet hole,i.e.,the recirculation region and the inclination of the shear layers,to be mainly determined by the velocity ratio.However,evaluating the cooling efficiency downstream of the jet hole the mass flux ratio proves to be the dominant similarity parameter,i.e.,the density ratio between the fluids and the velocity ratio have to be considered.      

高能束流焊接技术现状及发展

高能束流(High Energy Density Beam)加工技术包含了以激光束、电 子束和等离子弧为热源对材料或构件进行特种加工的各类工艺方法.高能束流焊(或高能密度焊)是指焊接功率密度比通常的氩弧焊(TIG、MIG)或CO2气体保护焊高的一类焊接方法.严格地讲,焊接能量和焊接功率密度是2个不同的概念,但二者具有相关性.     

A microbial oasis in the hypersaline Atacama subsurface discovered by a life detector chip: implications for the search for life on Mars

The Atacama Desert has long been considered a good Mars analogue for testing instrumentation for planetary exploration, but very few data (if any) have been reported about the geomicrobiology of its salt-rich subsurface. We performed a Mars analogue drilling campaign next to the Salar Grande (Atacama, Chile) in July 2009, and several cores and powder samples from up to 5?m deep were analyzed in situ with LDChip300 (a Life Detector Chip containing 300 antibodies). Here, we show the discovery of a hypersaline subsurface microbial habitat associated with halite-, nitrate-, and perchlorate-containing salts at 2?m deep. LDChip300 detected bacteria, archaea, and other biological material (DNA, exopolysaccharides, some peptides) from the analysis of less than 0.5?g of ground core sample. The results were supported by oligonucleotide microarray hybridization in the field and finally confirmed by molecular phylogenetic analysis and direct visualization of microbial cells bound to halite crystals in the laboratory. Geochemical analyses revealed a habitat with abundant hygroscopic salts like halite (up to 260?g kg(-1)) and perchlorate (41.13?μg g(-1) maximum), which allow deliquescence events at low relative humidity. Thin liquid water films would permit microbes to proliferate by using detected organic acids like acetate (19.14?μg g(-1)) or formate (76.06?μg g(-1)) as electron donors, and sulfate (15875?μg g(-1)), nitrate (13490?μg g(-1)), or perchlorate as acceptors. Our results correlate with the discovery of similar hygroscopic salts and possible deliquescence processes on Mars, and open new search strategies for subsurface martian biota. The performance demonstrated by our LDChip300 validates this technology for planetary exploration, particularly for the search for life on Mars.     

Assessing antibody microarrays for space missions: effect of long-term storage, gamma radiation, and temperature shifts on printed and fluorescently labeled antibodies

Antibody microarrays are becoming frequently used tools for analytical purposes. A key factor for optimal performance is the stability of the immobilized (capturing) antibodies as well as those that have been fluorescently labeled to achieve the immunological test (tracers). This is especially critical for long-distance transport, field testing, or planetary exploration. A number of different environmental stresses may affect the antibody integrity, such as dryness, sudden temperature shift cycles, or, as in the case of space science, exposure to large quantities of the highly penetrating gamma radiation. Here, we report on the effect of certain stabilizing solutions for long-term storage of printed antibody microarrays under different conditions. We tested the effect of gamma radiation on printed and freeze- or vacuum-dried fluorescent antibodies at working concentrations (tracer antibodies), as well as the effect of multiple cycles of sudden and prolonged temperature shifts on the stability of fluorescently labeled tracer antibody cocktails. Our results show that (i) antibody microarrays are stable at room temperature when printed on stabilizing spotting solutions for at least 6 months, (ii) lyophilized and vacuum-dried fluorescently labeled tracer antibodies are stable for more than 9 months of sudden temperature shift cycles (-20°C to 25°C and 50°C), and (iii) both printed and freeze- or vacuum-dried fluorescent tracer antibodies are stable after several-fold excess of the dose of gamma radiation expected during a mission to Mars. Although different antibodies may exhibit different susceptibilities, we conclude that, in general, antibodies are suitable for use in planetary exploration purposes if they are properly treated and stored with the use of stabilizing substances.     

NASA任务操作与控制结构项目

航天任务复杂性的增加与航天任务预算的急剧削减之间的矛盾造成了要求迅速降低卫星的设计与操作费用的巨大压力。为实现这些费用的降低,一种主要的方法是降低支持任务操作系统的开发和操作费用。 NASA总部通信与数据系统部用以解决该难题的一个策略是其任务操作控制结构(MOCA)项目。该项目的技术方面授权哥达德航天中心(GSFC)的任务操作部(MOD)负责。MOCA将开发出一种任务控制与数据获取结构及可支持标准,以引导未来卫星和GSFC的任务控制设施的开发。该结构将降低对全天24小时操作的需求,实现飞行与地面软件组件在不同任务间的高级别重复应用,并通过实现相应功能从地面到卫星的转移来增强整个系统的适应能力。 最终的结果是为GSFC自己开发的卫星的星地系统接口设计形成一种确定的方式,以及包括数据结构、接口和协议等在内的端一端卫星控制过程的规范。这些方式和规范都适宜于包含在对未来的空间卫星的征购文件中。如在征购文件中飞行软件核作为政府提供设备供给的话,将可得到开发和维护。 本文介绍了MOCA项目,包括其当前状态和未来结果。