EXTENDED SELF SIM ILARITY OF PASSIVE SCALAR IN RAYLEIGH-BNARD CONVECTION FLOW BASED ON WAVELET TRANSFORM

INTRODUCTIONTo fully developed turbulence flow,Kol-mogorov ( 1 941 ) define structure function of qorder,i.e.Dq( r) =〈| u( x+ r) - u( x) | q〉∝ rζ( q) ,and foundζ( q) =q3.Similar to velocityfield,for temperature T( x) by definition struc-ture function,i.e.Rq( r) =〈| T( x+ r) - T( x) | q〉∝ rξ ( q) ,Obukhov also gave out a theoreticalscaling rule ofξ( q) =q3.After the 60 's,becauseof the discovery of intermittence in turbulent ex-periment,it is well known thatζ( q) ,ξ( q)≠ q3,…     

2000年及其以后的GPS

一、引言 GPS是一个军用导航定位系统,象所有无线电导航系统一样,也可供民间各部门使用。该系统刚完成了从研制阶段到实用阶段的过渡。为了预测2000年后GPS将会如何,必须首先确定90年代进入全面工作状态,经成熟之后该系统是什么样?该系统建成投入工作之后,会有一些外界因素要求它作某些改变。下面我们主要从GPS的民用角度来研究一下这些可能的改变。影响GPS改变的外界因素至少来4个方面:GPS的军方要求、钱、技术进展和用户要求。这些外界因素可能引起GPS的民用计划和政策发生变化。这些外界因素和/或新政策、新计划将会影响GPS的硬件和软件。除了系统和政策的改变,若干GPS新的应用将会出现,GPS在各种运载体上的安装和组合也会出现新的方法。     

难加工材料的铣削和钻削加工

当前,减轻飞机重量这一目标正在促使航空航天工业采用越来越多的特种材料,如复合材料、钛合金和铬镍铁合金.相比普通材料,此类材料重量更轻、强度更高,但在加工方面,特别是铣削和钻削方面,它们各自拥有不同的加工难题.在铣削和钻削加工中,航空航天制造商通常使用整体硬质合金刀具或整体高速钢刀具.在此类加工过程中,制造商必须尽可能达到最高的质量水平——这往往通过密切地监控和维护工艺安全性来实现.虽然存在对零件成本的担忧,但在大多数情况下,生产完美的零件是优先考虑事项.     

The PROCESS experiment: amino and carboxylic acids under Mars-like surface UV radiation conditions in low-earth orbit

The search for organic molecules at the surface of Mars is a top priority of the next Mars exploration space missions: Mars Science Laboratory (NASA) and ExoMars (ESA). The detection of organic matter could provide information about the presence of a prebiotic chemistry or even biological activity on this planet. Therefore, a key step in interpretation of future data collected by these missions is to understand the preservation of organic matter in the martian environment. Several laboratory experiments have been devoted to quantifying and qualifying the evolution of organic molecules under simulated environmental conditions of Mars. However, these laboratory simulations are limited, and one major constraint is the reproduction of the UV spectrum that reaches the surface of Mars. As part of the PROCESS experiment of the European EXPOSE-E mission on board the International Space Station, a study was performed on the photodegradation of organics under filtered extraterrestrial solar electromagnetic radiation that mimics Mars-like surface UV radiation conditions. Glycine, serine, phthalic acid, phthalic acid in the presence of a mineral phase, and mellitic acid were exposed to these conditions for 1.5 years, and their evolution was determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy after their retrieval. The results were compared with data from laboratory experiments. A 1.5-year exposure to Mars-like surface UV radiation conditions in space resulted in complete degradation of the organic compounds. Half-lives between 50 and 150?h for martian surface conditions were calculated from both laboratory and low-Earth orbit experiments. The results highlight that none of those organics are stable under low-Earth orbit solar UV radiation conditions.     

Near Earth Vortices Driving of Field Aligned Currents Based on Magnetosphere Multiscale and Swarm Observations

A long-standing mystery in the study of Field-Aligned Currents (FACs) has been that:how the currents are generated and why they appear to be much stronger at high altitudes than in the ionosphere.Here we present two events of magnetotail FACs observed by the Magnetospheric Multiscale Spacecraft (MMS) on 1st July and 14th July 2016,to show how the Substorm Current Wedges (SCW) were formed.The results show that particles were transferred heading towards the Earth during the expansion phase of substorms. The azimuthal flow formed clockwise (counter-clockwise) vortex-like motion,and then generated downward (upward) FACs on the tailward/poleward side of the distorted field with opposite vorticity on their Earthward/equatorward side.We also analyzed the Region 1 FACs observed by the Earth Explorer Swarm spacecraft on 1st July 2016 and found that they were associated with FACs observed by MMS,although differing by a factor of 10.This difference suggests that either there was the closure of the currents at altitudes above 500 km or the currents were not strictly parallel to B and closed at longitudes away from where they were generated.      

高级靶场测量飞机

本文描述了高级靶场测量飞机(ARIA)及其目前和未来在全球范围内保障试验和鉴定活动的计划。