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41.
Jaekl P Zikovitz DC Jenkin MR Jenkin HL Zacher JE Harris LR 《Acta Astronautica》2005,56(9-12):1033-1040
We measured the amount of visual movement judged consistent with translational head movement under normal and microgravity conditions. Subjects wore a virtual reality helmet in which the ratio of the movement of the world to the movement of the head (visual gain) was variable. Using the method of adjustment under normal gravity 10 subjects adjusted the visual gain until the visual world appeared stable during head movements that were either parallel or orthogonal to gravity. Using the method of constant stimuli under normal gravity, seven subjects moved their heads and judged whether the virtual world appeared to move “with” or “against” their movement for several visual gains. One subject repeated the constant stimuli judgements in microgravity during parabolic flight. The accuracy of judgements appeared unaffected by the direction or absence of gravity. Only the variability appeared affected by the absence of gravity. These results are discussed in relation to discomfort during head movements in microgravity. 相似文献
42.
Astronauts are often on a voluntarily reduced energy intake during space missions, possibly caused by a metabolic or emotional stress response with involvement of the central serotonergic system (SES). We investigated 24 h urinary excretion (24 h-E) of serotonin (5-HT) and 5-hydroxyindol acidic acid as indicators of the SES in healthy males under two different normocaloric conditions: normal physical activity (NPA) and -6 degree head-down-tilt (HDT). HDT or NPA were randomly arranged with a recovery period of 6 months in between. 24 h-E of hormones varied widely among individuals. Values were higher in HDT compared to NPA. Assuming that the 24 h-E values are, beside being indicators for alterations in the number and metabolism of platelets. Also indicators of central SES, HDT condition seems to activate central SES in a higher degree compared to NPA. Therefore, changes in central SES might be involved in the mechanisms associated with space flight or microgravity, including possible maladaptations such as voluntary undernutrition. 相似文献
43.
1986年2月4日AR4711拱形双带黑子暗条系激活的分析 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
根据1986-02-04AR47ll由观测所确定的物理参数和特征值,采用电动力学方法数值计算该活动区中两个拱形黑子暗条在大耀斑爆发前的动力学演化过程.结果表明:(1)以旋涡黑子为标志的光球物质旋转运动和以暗条下方磁力线强剪切为特征的剪切运动引起暗条电流增加和背景磁场变化,电流和磁场的相互作用导致暗条向上运动,大耀斑爆发前暗条的上升速度达26km/S;(2)背景场位形对暗条整体动力学行为有很大影响,AR47ll在7×104km高度范围内场强随高度似乎按指数规律衰减. 相似文献
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针对高超声速变形飞行器再入制导问题,提出了一种采用伸缩式机翼的高超声速变形飞行器外形方案,建立了含有展长变形量的气动模型和动力学模型。将该变形飞行器的展长变形量扩展为控制变量,分析了倾侧角、展长变形量和终端航程、高度之间的关系。在此基础上,利用倾侧角和展长变形量在线预测剩余航程和终端高度,通过数值方法校正2个控制量以满足航程约束和高度约束,通过航向角走廊确定倾侧角符号。仿真结果表明:该变形飞行器再入制导方法制导精度高,相比于传统固定外形飞行器终端约束能力更强、轨迹更加平滑,且在扰动条件下具有一定鲁棒性。 相似文献
47.
陶行知的“大学之道”教育思想,是对传统的“学而优则仕”———“人上人”教育观念的否定,它是融德育、办学理念、校风、校训以及培养目标为一体的治学之道,也即是教育目的。这对我们今天的教育,特别是高等职业教育有着重大的启示。 相似文献
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Abundance and diversity of microbial inhabitants in European spacecraft-associated clean rooms 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
M Stieglmeier P Rettberg S Barczyk M Bohmeier R Pukall R Wirth C Moissl-Eichinger 《Astrobiology》2012,12(6):572-585
The determination of the microbial load of a spacecraft en route to interesting extraterrestrial environments is mandatory and currently based on the culturable, heat-shock-surviving portion of microbial contaminants. Our study compared these classical bioburden measurements as required by NASA's and ESA's guidelines for the microbial examination of flight hardware, with molecular analysis methods (16S rRNA gene cloning and quantitative PCR) to further develop our understanding of the diversity and abundance of the microbial communities of spacecraft-associated clean rooms. Three samplings of the Herschel Space Observatory and its surrounding clean rooms were performed in two different European facilities. Molecular analyses detected a broad diversity of microbes typically found in the human microbiome with three bacterial genera (Staphylococcus, Propionibacterium, and Brevundimonas) common to all three locations. Bioburden measurements revealed a low, but heterogeneous, abundance of spore-forming and other heat-resistant microorganisms. Total cell numbers estimated by quantitative real-time PCR were typically 3 orders of magnitude greater than those determined by viable counts, which indicates a tendency for traditional methods to underestimate the extent of clean room bioburden. Furthermore, the molecular methods allowed the detection of a much broader diversity than traditional culture-based methods. 相似文献
50.
Cottin H Guan YY Noblet A Poch O Saiagh K Cloix M Macari F Jérome M Coll P Raulin F Stalport F Szopa C Bertrand M Chabin A Westall F Chaput D Demets R Brack A 《Astrobiology》2012,12(5):412-425
The PROCESS (PRebiotic Organic ChEmistry on the Space Station) experiment was part of the EXPOSE-E payload outside the European Columbus module of the International Space Station from February 2008 to August 2009. During this interval, organic samples were exposed to space conditions to simulate their evolution in various astrophysical environments. The samples used represent organic species related to the evolution of organic matter on the small bodies of the Solar System (carbonaceous asteroids and comets), the photolysis of methane in the atmosphere of Titan, and the search for organic matter at the surface of Mars. This paper describes the hardware developed for this experiment as well as the results for the glycine solid-phase samples and the gas-phase samples that were used with regard to the atmosphere of Titan. Lessons learned from this experiment are also presented for future low-Earth orbit astrochemistry investigations. 相似文献