FUSELAGE STRUCTURAL OPTIMIZATION WITH MSC／MOD PRE－PROCESSING AND MSC／PAL2 POST－PROCESSING

ＦＵＳＥＬＡＧＥＳＴＲＵＣＴＵＲＡＬＯＰＴＩＭＩＺＡＴＩＯＮＷＩＴＨＭＳＣ／ＭＯＤＰＲＥ－ＰＲＯＣＥＳＳＩＮＧＡＮＤＭＳＣ／ＰＡＬ２ＰＯＳＴ－ＰＲＯＣＥＳＳＩＮＧ￥ＣｈｅｎＭｕｌａｎ（ＲｅｓｅａｒｈＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＰｉｌｏｔｌｅｓｓＡｉｒｃｒａ...     

COMPUTER SIMULATION OF DIRECT TORQUE CONTROL SYSTEM

ＣＯＭＰＵＴＥＲＳＩＭＵＬＡＴＩＯＮＯＦＤＩＲＥＣＴＴＯＲＱＵＥＣＯＮＴＲＯＬＳＹＳＴＥＭ￥ＨｕＹｕｗｅｎ；ＸｕＹｕｅ（ＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＡｕｔｏｍａｔｉｃＣｏｎｔｒｏｌ，ＮＵＡＡ２９ＹｕｄａｏＳｔｒｅｅｔ，Ｎａｎｊｉｎｇ２１００１６，Ｐ．Ｒ．...     

机动双基地武器定位雷达的动态探测能力

提出了将采用机载机动式接收机的双基地雷达概念用于火炮定位。这种概念性系统的性能取决于有足够的飞行时间对炮弹进行跟踪，以精确测定完事的弹道。给出了各种双基地配置及雷达和目标参数的动态覆盖范围和飞行时间的探测结果。为了便于分析，完成了对二维双基地雷达的计算机模拟。数学模型采用双基地RCS数据模拟真实目标反射特性。事实证明，采用单个机动式接收机的双基地雷达系统在执行大范围监视任务中非常有效，可替代现役的单基地雷达系统。对系统的潜在改进进行了讨论。     

MSK和OKQPSK体制的实验评价

实验室的试验测量指出,当通道具有同比特率带宽近于相等的带宽和典型的有关相位延迟特性时,MSK 与 OKQPSK 调制方式有近乎相等误差率性能.为了在比较不同调制方式的性能时消除硬件质量不同引起的差异,设计与制造了高质量 MSK 与 OKQPSK 发射机和通用模型接收机。因此,调制方式的选择应主要考虑复杂性、对设备组合的敏感度和差分编码合适性,而不是误差率。     

大坝

这张摄取于1968年的照片,记录了工程师在美国华盛顿特区罗斯大坝宏伟实体下工作的场景。罗斯大坝建在斯卡吉特河上,在贝灵厄姆以东110公里处,距美国和加拿大边     

相控阵雷达技术发展水平及趋势

本报告首先简介雷达和天文学领域中相控阵天线的形状；评述了雷达技术发展的各种趋势一方面受到成本问题的驱动，另一方面受到增长的性能需求驱动；讨论的技术发展方向有增加带宽、收／发模块功率增加效率的改进、移相器技术、辐射器设计、用数字技术替代模拟技术以及稀疏阵的引入。通过评述，本文断定在雷达应用中，目前相控阵虽有商业生存力，但其复杂性却使得它们的成本居高不下。     

SOLUTION OF 3-D TURBULENCE NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS USING HYBRID GRIDS

INTRODUCTIONWith the development of computer,consid-erable process has been made in the developmentof numerical methods for the solution of Navier-Stokes equations.However,most of these me-thods are impractical for complicated flows in adesign environment.The primary reason is thatwe can′t generate a suitable mesh easily for acomplicated configuration.Although there aremany techniques,such as structured grid or un-structured grid,which have been successfullyused for numerical simulation…     

Experimentally tracing the key steps in the origin of life: The aromatic world

Life is generally believed to emerge on Earth, to be at least functionally similar to life as we know it today, and to be much simpler than modern life. Although minimal life is notoriously difficult to define, a molecular system can be considered alive if it turns resources into building blocks, replicates, and evolves. Primitive life may have consisted of a compartmentalized genetic system coupled with an energy-harvesting mechanism. How prebiotic building blocks self-assemble and transform themselves into a minimal living system can be broken into two questions: (1) How can prebiotic building blocks form containers, metabolic networks, and informational polymers? (2) How can these three components cooperatively organize to form a protocell that satisfies the minimal requirements for a living system? The functional integration of these components is a difficult puzzle that requires cooperation among all the aspects of protocell assembly: starting material, reaction mechanisms, thermodynamics, and the integration of the inheritance, metabolism, and container functionalities. Protocells may have been self-assembled from components different from those used in modern biochemistry. We propose that assemblies based on aromatic hydrocarbons may have been the most abundant flexible and stable organic materials on the primitive Earth and discuss their possible integration into a minimal life form. In this paper we attempt to combine current knowledge of the composition of prebiotic organic material of extraterrestrial and terrestrial origin, and put these in the context of possible prebiotic scenarios. We also describe laboratory experiments that might help clarify the transition from nonliving to living matter using aromatic material. This paper presents an interdisciplinary approach to interface state of the art knowledge in astrochemistry, prebiotic chemistry, and artificial life research.     

SOLID3: a multiplex antibody microarray-based optical sensor instrument for in situ life detection in planetary exploration

The search for unequivocal signs of life on other planetary bodies is one of the major challenges for astrobiology. The failure to detect organic molecules on the surface of Mars by measuring volatile compounds after sample heating, together with the new knowledge of martian soil chemistry, has prompted the astrobiological community to develop new methods and technologies. Based on protein microarray technology, we have designed and built a series of instruments called SOLID (for "Signs Of LIfe Detector") for automatic in situ detection and identification of substances or analytes from liquid and solid samples (soil, sediments, or powder). Here, we present the SOLID3 instrument, which is able to perform both sandwich and competitive immunoassays and consists of two separate functional units: a Sample Preparation Unit (SPU) for 10 different extractions by ultrasonication and a Sample Analysis Unit (SAU) for fluorescent immunoassays. The SAU consists of five different flow cells, with an antibody microarray in each one (2000 spots). It is also equipped with an exclusive optical package and a charge-coupled device (CCD) for fluorescent detection. We demonstrated the performance of SOLID3 in the detection of a broad range of molecular-sized compounds, which range from peptides and proteins to whole cells and spores, with sensitivities at 1-2?ppb (ng?mL?1) for biomolecules and 10? to 103 spores per milliliter. We report its application in the detection of acidophilic microorganisms in the Río Tinto Mars analogue and report the absence of substantial negative effects on the immunoassay in the presence of 50?mM perchlorate (20 times higher than that found at the Phoenix landing site). Our SOLID instrument concept is an excellent option with which to detect biomolecules because it avoids the high-temperature treatments that may destroy organic matter in the presence of martian oxidants.