用于下一代X波段T／R模块的20WGaN高功率放大器（HPAs）

用于未来X波段有源相控阵天线的下一代T／R模块的高功率放大器是在新型AlGaN／GaNHEMT结构的底板上实现的，该HEMT结构外延形成于Sil晶片基板上。设计和实现了作为发射链关键元件的混合和单片集成电路。 在混合电路设计基础上，可实现23W（436dBm）的最佳峰值功率电平及29％的相应功率增加效率（PAE）。在2GHz（X波段）的带宽范围内输出功率电平大于20W。 在一种更为复杂的方法中，采用新型通孔微带技术首先设计、仿真并制作了单片微波集成电路（MMICs）。在12mm^2的小型芯片上测量出了20W（43dBm）的输出功率电平以及30％的相应PAE。获得了高达36．5％的最大功率增加效率值。     

复合材料螺栓连接的强度分析

介绍了单孔及双孔复合材料螺栓连接的强度分析方法,并把单孔连接的分析结果与实验数据进行了比较。用该方法分析了双孔结构,确定提供最高连接能力的连接形式和载荷分配比例。该分析方法建立在有限无法与特性曲线理论及破坏准则相结合的基础上。单孔件非线性剪切模量模型与实验数据吻合较好。双孔件的交错排列比串列提供较高的连接能力。在最大连接载荷下,螺栓载荷分配是百分之38/62,各种双孔应力分析结果以等值线示出。     

Effects of unilateral selective hypergravity stimulation on gait

The purpose of this work is to analyse the neural mechanisms of human motor perturbations induced by dynamic changes in gravity. A unilateral selective hypergravity stimulation (USHS) was produced by stretching an elastic band between the right shoulder and foot. The consequences of the extensor muscle tone change due to the positioning (increased muscular loading) and to its removal (decreased muscular loading) by the elastic band were observed on motor gait skill. Gait spatio-temporal parameters (horizontal displacement of both feet) and lower limb functional length variations (efficiency of flexion and extension movements of the lower limbs) were measured. The latter measure was performed using a device specially designed for that purpose. The main results were: (1) during and after USHS, gait perturbations appeared on the left--the body side not directly stimulated, (2) just after the end of USHS, perturbations were present on the right (homolateral) side evidencing a post treatment effect which caused a decrease in functional shortening of the lower limb during extension and an increase of functional shortening of the lower limb during stance (opposite in sense to the modification observed during swing). Such results afford evidence that, in addition to vestibular receptors, the mechanoreceptors of extensor muscles are involved in determining the changes in motor skills observed at the beginning and at the end of space flights.     

EVA safety design guidelines

An Extravehicular Mobility Unit is a closed and isolated environment that protects the astronaut from exposure to space environment. Eighty-four percent of the possible hardware failures occurring during Extravehicular Activity (EVA) would result in an abort of the EVA. Fifty-two percent of these failure modes would result in a loss of a critical life support function and directly compromise crew safety. Crew safety is not, however, limited to controlling hardware failures. Safety can be compromised by improper in-flight servicing or induced by interfacing equipment during EVA related activity. This paper addresses these potential hazard sources and approaches used to enhance equipment reliability and astronaut safety.     

硅加速度计

在技术武器系统，稳定控制、机器人和商业用途领域，正出现一些需要低成本，小尺寸、中等精度加速度计的市场。微型机械制造技术极其适合上述的需要，德雷珀实验室已开发了系列硅－硼硅酸玻璃加速度计，以适应上述需要。其中一项用途是用于一个监控飞行炮弹运动的系统中，它需要动态量程范围为１ｍｇ￣１００ｋｇ的抗冲击的加速度计；第二个感兴趣的领域是用于小加速度值的商业仪表中。研制方案已集中在使用电容检测器和力平衡型的微     

GPS用于MX导弹飞行试验的实时跟踪

霍普金斯大学应用物理实验室最近完成了一项MX导弹(和平卫士)试验飞行的实时GPS跟踪研究。因为飞向夸贾林环礁所需靶场安全提出了严格的精度要求,故分析了各种跟踪方案。本文简述了导弹跟踪的经验之后,介绍了各种系统方案。讨论了各种远站处理方案,接着专门研究了电离层误差修正方法和接收机锁相环路热噪声。最后,叙述了瞬时落点(IIP)时间协方差仿真结果。     

Titan and exobiological aspects of the Cassini-Huygens mission

Titan, the largest satellite of Saturn, has a dense N2-CH4 atmosphere rich in organic compounds, both in gas and in aerosol phases. Its surface is probably covered by oceans of liquid methane-ethane mixtures, with many dissolved organics. This quasi planet appears as a natural laboratory to study chemical evolution toward complex organic systems in a planetary environment over a long time scale. With the Cassini-Huygens mission NASA and ESA will jointly send an orbiter (Cassini) around Saturn and a probe (Huygens) in the atmosphere of Titan. This mission, currently planned to be launched in 1996-1997 for a Saturn - Titan arrival in 2004, offers a unique opportunity to study in detail extra-terrestrial organic processes. Consequently, it has important implications in the field of exobiology and the origins of life.     

Tonic vibration reflexes and background force level

On Earth, the functional stretch reflex is an important component in the maintenance of posture and muscle tone. In parabolic flight experiments, we evaluated whether the functional stretch reflex, as reflected in the tonic vibration reflex, adjusts appropriately for changes in background gravitoinertial force level. Virtually immediate alterations of appropriate sign occurred.     

用静磁表面波延迟线构成振荡器

本文介绍利用外延钇铁石榴石(以下简称YIG)膜的静磁表面波构成静磁表面波延迟线振荡器的实验研究。通过“提升”换能器的应用,得到了一种压缩延迟线带宽的新方法。我们发现,单模工作的调谐范围主要受延迟线外部电路电长度的限制。外部电长度每改变360°,延迟线上就出现频率跃变。已经得到的最大调谐范围大约为600兆赫。这个范围主要受所用的AVANTEK砷化镓场效应晶体管放大器的限制,该放大器的电长度大致等效于45厘米的空气传输线。结论是,如果外部电路的电长度能尽量缩短(理想地做到O),就可能在一个倍频程或更宽频带内实现单模工作。     

数字频率合成的新途径

本文介绍了从1Hz到399999Hz以1Hz步进频率合成新技术。合成的波形是对称方波,与晶体管—晶体管逻辑(TTL)相容。它所使用的合成算法为高效率使用系统的数字式仪器创造了条件。整套设备是由一个输入装置、一个BCD/二进制转换器、一个二进制分频器、一个数字式比较器和一个锁相环(PLL)倍频器组成。