复合材料螺栓连接的强度分析

介绍了单孔及双孔复合材料螺栓连接的强度分析方法,并把单孔连接的分析结果与实验数据进行了比较。用该方法分析了双孔结构,确定提供最高连接能力的连接形式和载荷分配比例。该分析方法建立在有限无法与特性曲线理论及破坏准则相结合的基础上。单孔件非线性剪切模量模型与实验数据吻合较好。双孔件的交错排列比串列提供较高的连接能力。在最大连接载荷下,螺栓载荷分配是百分之38/62,各种双孔应力分析结果以等值线示出。     

The European space exploration programme: current status of ESA's plans for Moon and Mars exploration

After a large consultation with the scientific and industrial communities in Europe, the Aurora Space Exploration Programme was unanimously approved at the European Space Agency (ESA) Council at ministerial level in Edinburgh in 2001. This marked the start of the programme's preparation phase that was due to finish by the end of 2004. Aurora features technology development robotic and crewed rehearsal missions aimed at preparing a human mission to Mars by 2033. Due to the evolving context, both international and European, ESA has undertaken a review of the goals and approach of its exploration programme. While maintaining the main robotic missions that had been conceived during Aurora, the European Space Exploration Programme that is currently being proposed to the Aurora participating states and other ESA Member States has a reviewed approach and will feature a greater synergy with other ESA programmes. The paper will present the process that led to the revision of ESA's plans in the field of exploration and will give the current status of the programme.     

用于下一代X波段T／R模块的20WGaN高功率放大器（HPAs）

用于未来X波段有源相控阵天线的下一代T／R模块的高功率放大器是在新型AlGaN／GaNHEMT结构的底板上实现的，该HEMT结构外延形成于Sil晶片基板上。设计和实现了作为发射链关键元件的混合和单片集成电路。 在混合电路设计基础上，可实现23W（436dBm）的最佳峰值功率电平及29％的相应功率增加效率（PAE）。在2GHz（X波段）的带宽范围内输出功率电平大于20W。 在一种更为复杂的方法中，采用新型通孔微带技术首先设计、仿真并制作了单片微波集成电路（MMICs）。在12mm^2的小型芯片上测量出了20W（43dBm）的输出功率电平以及30％的相应PAE。获得了高达36．5％的最大功率增加效率值。     

Adaptive environmental control for optimal results during plant microgravity experiments

The SVET Space Greenhouse (SG)--the first and the only automated plant growth facility onboard the MIR Space Station in the period 1990-2000 was developed on a Russian-Bulgarian Project in the 80s. The aim was to study plant growth under microgravity in order to include plants as a link of future Biological Life Support Systems for the long-term manned space missions. An American developed Gas Exchange Measurement System (GEMS) was added to the existing SVET SG equipment in 1995 to monitor more environmental and physiological parameters. A lot of long-duration plant flight experiments were carried out in the SVET+GEMS. They led to significant results in the Fundamental Gravitational Biology field--second-generation wheat seeds were produced in the conditions of microgravity. The new International Space Station (ISS) will provide a perfect opportunity for conducting full life cycle plant experiments in microgravity, including measurement of more vital plant parameters, during the next 15-20 years. Nowadays plant growth facilities for scientific research based on the SVET SG functional principles are developed for the ISS by different countries (Russia, USA, Italy, Japan, etc.). A new Concept for an advanced SVET-3 Space Greenhouse for the ISS, based on the Bulgarian experience and "know-how" is described. The absolute and differential plant chamber air parameters and some plant physiological parameters are measured and processed in real time. Using the transpiration and photosynthesis measurement data the Control Unit evaluates the plant status and performs adaptive environmental control in order to provide the most favorable conditions for plant growth at every stage of plant development in experiments. A conceptual block-diagram of the SVET-3 SG is presented.     

匹配子空间STAP的空时自回归滤波

实用的空时自适应处理（STAP）算法取决于降维处理，采用了诸如主要分量或部分自适应滤波器的技术。降维不仅可以减轻计算量，还能减少估算干扰统计所需的采样。这样的结果源于假设杂波方差具有特定（非参数）结构。我们验证了如何将参数结构加在杂波和干扰上，以进一步减少计算和二次采样。这个方法称为空时自回归（STAR）滤波，它采用了两个步骤：首先，构造一个结构子空间，该子空间正交于有杂波和干扰驻留的结构子空间，其次，用与该子空间匹配的检测器可确定是否有目标存在。我们采用圆形阵STAP的实际仿真数据组，证实了该方法能够显著地降低信号-干扰与杂波比（SINR）的损耗，且计算量小于其它常用算法。在低2次采样情况下该STAR算法同样能取得很好的性能，这个特点对非平稳杂波的状况更有吸引力。     

有源电扫阵列雷达系统特征

根据与代表法国、德国和英国国防部的法国当局所签订的合同，GTDAR（GEC　Thomson　Dasa机载雷达EEIG）着手进行的欧洲AMSAR（机载多重角色固态有源阵列雷达）研究项目的研究目的是验证机栽雷达系统AESA（有源电扫阵列）的能力。 AESA给人深刻印象的技术优点有：使用收发模块（TRM）灵活设计的天线、天线的小安装厚度和TRM的低RF损失。根据这些特征，可以实现机载雷达系统的新设计原理。因此，有可能设计出多面阵列，并使它们最适于飞机上的工作要求和安装限制。而且，应用AESA技术，能灵活组合收发模块，形成接收时具有自适应波束方向图的子阵列。本文简述多面阵列的多种构成可能性和有源电扫雷达系统所具有的能力。 本文最后将给出AMSAR项目计划要验证的多面阵列能力。     

“德尔它”商用中型运载火箭

概述“德尔它”Ⅱ中型运载火箭发射商用载荷的情况.“德尔它”系列火箭的特点是可靠性很高.航天飞机的失事,使美国重新考虑起用一次性使用运载火箭.“德尔它”Ⅱ便能满足90年代卫星商业市场的需求,经过不断改进,它最终能将1450—1800kg的载荷送上地球同步轨道.详细介绍“德尔它”Ⅱ的性能与各级的结构特点,及火箭目前的研制状况.     

My favorite Martians: NASA uncovers evidence of ancient life on Mars

The possibility of life on Mars is explored through the recently found meteorite ALH84001. Thought to have left Mars 16 million years ago, the meteorite was found on an Antarctic ice shelf in 1984. Carbonate globules were found containing microfossils and unusual mineral compounds. NASA researchers believe they have found single-celled fossils resembling nanobacteria fossils found on Earth, but caution that much more research is required.     

Bacillus subtilis spores on artificial meteorites survive hypervelocity atmospheric entry: implications for Lithopanspermia

An important but untested aspect of the lithopanspermia hypothesis is that microbes situated on or within meteorites could survive hypervelocity entry from space through Earth's atmosphere. The use of high-altitude sounding rockets to test this notion was explored. Granite samples permeated with spores of Bacillus subtilis strain WN511 were attached to the exterior telemetry module of a sounding rocket and launched from White Sands Missile Range, New Mexico into space, reaching maximum atmospheric entry velocity of 1.2 km/s. Maximum recorded temperature during the flight was measured at 145 degrees C. The surfaces of the post-flight granite samples were swabbed and tested for recovery and survival of WN511 spores, using genetic markers and the unique DNA fingerprint of WN511 as recovery criteria. Spore survivors were isolated at high frequency, ranging from 1.2% to 4.4% compared with ground controls, from all surfaces except the forward-facing surface. Sporulation-defective mutants were noted among the spaceflight survivors at high frequency (4%). These experiments constitute the first report of spore survival to hypervelocity atmospheric transit, and indicate that sounding rocket flights can be used to model the high-speed atmospheric entry of bacteria-laden artificial meteorites.