用于稳定光电瞄准线的动调陀螺

商业市场中的动调陀螺（DTG）主要是作为一种低成本、小体积的双轴速率敏感器用在战术导弹上，且在这一领域被广泛应用。动调陀螺也适用于稳定光电瞄准线，尽管有关该领域的文献很少，初看起来，该陀螺似乎采用的是普遍应用于单轴积分陀螺中的相同的锁定回路技术，但不管怎样，它们还是存在很微妙但却很重要的差别，不注意这些差别可能会导致陀螺性能降低或失效，有关这些内容及DTG在瞄准稳定系统中应用的其它问题将被讨论，讨论内容也将包含工作原理，接口电路，锁定回路设计及光电系统中典型误差源分析。     

关于固体推进剂燃烧不稳定性研究

本文介绍了英国火箭推进研究院进行固体推进剂燃烧不稳定性研究的工作计划。 文中讨论了数据采集和处理的技术,并例举了实用发动机燃烧的不稳定性。还描述了研究不稳定性的发动机和测量在振荡压力和速度条件下固体推进剂试样的燃烧速率系统。给出一些实测结果的例子。     

Gravity and perceptual stability during translational head movement on earth and in microgravity

We measured the amount of visual movement judged consistent with translational head movement under normal and microgravity conditions. Subjects wore a virtual reality helmet in which the ratio of the movement of the world to the movement of the head (visual gain) was variable. Using the method of adjustment under normal gravity 10 subjects adjusted the visual gain until the visual world appeared stable during head movements that were either parallel or orthogonal to gravity. Using the method of constant stimuli under normal gravity, seven subjects moved their heads and judged whether the virtual world appeared to move “with” or “against” their movement for several visual gains. One subject repeated the constant stimuli judgements in microgravity during parabolic flight. The accuracy of judgements appeared unaffected by the direction or absence of gravity. Only the variability appeared affected by the absence of gravity. These results are discussed in relation to discomfort during head movements in microgravity.     

Increased urinary excretion rates of serotonin and metabolites during bedrest

Astronauts are often on a voluntarily reduced energy intake during space missions, possibly caused by a metabolic or emotional stress response with involvement of the central serotonergic system (SES). We investigated 24 h urinary excretion (24 h-E) of serotonin (5-HT) and 5-hydroxyindol acidic acid as indicators of the SES in healthy males under two different normocaloric conditions: normal physical activity (NPA) and -6 degree head-down-tilt (HDT). HDT or NPA were randomly arranged with a recovery period of 6 months in between. 24 h-E of hormones varied widely among individuals. Values were higher in HDT compared to NPA. Assuming that the 24 h-E values are, beside being indicators for alterations in the number and metabolism of platelets. Also indicators of central SES, HDT condition seems to activate central SES in a higher degree compared to NPA. Therefore, changes in central SES might be involved in the mechanisms associated with space flight or microgravity, including possible maladaptations such as voluntary undernutrition.     

用于军事系统的GPS／INS技术发展趋势

本文重点探讨的是军用平台与武器上的惯性敏感器、ＧＰＳ精度和考虑干扰问题的组合ＧＰＳ／ＩＮＳ系统及在未来可形成１ｍ精度的全球导航系统的技术发展趋势。对于惯性敏感器,将介绍适用于军用系统的、决定发展方向的敏感器技术,它们是：光纤陀螺、硅微机械陀螺、谐振梁和加速度计及硅微机械加速度。本文钭对未来几十年内用于军事领域内的惯性仪表及惯性系统作一展望。将描述标定的ＧＰＳ及观测精度,以及各个阶段的ＷＡＧＥ方法、     

我国通用航空应急管理体系构建

低空空域开放是助力我国通用航空迅速发展的重大战略性举措,同时将对通用航空在作业过程中的应急管理带来挑战。文章给出通用航空突发事件的定义,对引起通用航空突发事件的致灾因素从通用航空器、通用航空作业环境、通用航空服务保障情况做一分析。阐述了通用航空应急管理的定义。最后提出了基于应急管理平台的通用航空应急管理体系。     

Abundance and diversity of microbial inhabitants in European spacecraft-associated clean rooms

The determination of the microbial load of a spacecraft en route to interesting extraterrestrial environments is mandatory and currently based on the culturable, heat-shock-surviving portion of microbial contaminants. Our study compared these classical bioburden measurements as required by NASA's and ESA's guidelines for the microbial examination of flight hardware, with molecular analysis methods (16S rRNA gene cloning and quantitative PCR) to further develop our understanding of the diversity and abundance of the microbial communities of spacecraft-associated clean rooms. Three samplings of the Herschel Space Observatory and its surrounding clean rooms were performed in two different European facilities. Molecular analyses detected a broad diversity of microbes typically found in the human microbiome with three bacterial genera (Staphylococcus, Propionibacterium, and Brevundimonas) common to all three locations. Bioburden measurements revealed a low, but heterogeneous, abundance of spore-forming and other heat-resistant microorganisms. Total cell numbers estimated by quantitative real-time PCR were typically 3 orders of magnitude greater than those determined by viable counts, which indicates a tendency for traditional methods to underestimate the extent of clean room bioburden. Furthermore, the molecular methods allowed the detection of a much broader diversity than traditional culture-based methods.     

The PROCESS experiment: an astrochemistry laboratory for solid and gaseous organic samples in low-earth orbit

The PROCESS (PRebiotic Organic ChEmistry on the Space Station) experiment was part of the EXPOSE-E payload outside the European Columbus module of the International Space Station from February 2008 to August 2009. During this interval, organic samples were exposed to space conditions to simulate their evolution in various astrophysical environments. The samples used represent organic species related to the evolution of organic matter on the small bodies of the Solar System (carbonaceous asteroids and comets), the photolysis of methane in the atmosphere of Titan, and the search for organic matter at the surface of Mars. This paper describes the hardware developed for this experiment as well as the results for the glycine solid-phase samples and the gas-phase samples that were used with regard to the atmosphere of Titan. Lessons learned from this experiment are also presented for future low-Earth orbit astrochemistry investigations.