Mineral and nitrogen balance study: results of metabolic observations on Skylab II 28-day orbital mission

Prediction that the various stresses of flight, particularly weightlessness, would bring about significant derangements in the metabolism of the musculoskeletal system has been based on various observations of long-term immobilized or inactive bed rest. The only attempt at controlled measurement of metabolic changes in space prior to Skylab, a study during the 14-day Gemini VII flight, revealed rather modest losses of important elements. The three astronauts of Skylab II consumed a planned day-by-day, quite constant, dietary intake of major metabolic elements in mixed foods and beverages and provided virtually complete collections of excreta for 31 days preflight, during the 28 days inflight, and for 17 days postflight. Analyses showed that, in varying degree among the crewmen, urinary calcium increased gradually during flight in a pattern similar to that observed in bed-rest studies: the mean plateau peak of urinary calcium excretion in the latter part of flight was double preflight levels. Fecal calcium excretion did not change significantly, but calcium balance, owing to the urinary calcium rise, became either negative or less positive than in preflight measurement. Increased excretion and negative balance of nitrogen and phosphorus indicated appreciable loss of muscle tissue in all three crewmen. Significant losses also occurred inflight in potassium, sodium, and magnesium. Based on the similarity in pattern and degree between these observations and those in bed rest of the losses in calcium, phosphorus, and nitrogen, musculoskeletal integrity would not be threatened in space flights of up to at least 3 months. However, if similar changes occur, indicative of continuing losses of these elements, in the planned Skylab flights for considerably more than 28 days, concern for capable musculoskeletal function should be serious for flights of very many months' duration, and greater research attention will need to be given to development of protective counter-measures.     

高精度陀螺加速度表的误差模型探讨

在全面考虑影响陀螺加速度表的误差因素的基础上,建立了陀螺加速度表的误差模型。该误差模型包括静态误差模型、动态误差模型和混合误差模型三部分。陀螺加速度表的误差模型的建立对实现有效的误差补偿和可靠地提高惯性系统实用精度提供理论依据。     

CBERS-1卫星CCD相机零级图像处理研究

CCD相机是CBERS - 1卫星上的主要有效载荷之一。利用其接收的可见光和近红外谱段的图像 ,可以在国民经济的各个生产部门 ,诸如国土资源调查、农业、林业、地矿、水利、环境、生态等方面得到广泛应用。但是由于探元和光学系统成像的物理机制和各种干扰等因素影响 ,地面接收到的数据必须经过处理才能应用。文章介绍的内容就是将这种图像数据经图像预处理 ,得到零级图像 ;经过相应的辐射校正 ,得到一级图像 ;经过几何校正 ,得到二级图像产品 ,提供给其它部门加以应用     

Y19-1飞机飞行试验数据采集系统

简要介绍Y19- 1 飞机飞行试验数据采集系统的组成和工作原理。着重阐述固态记录可编程采集编码器的特点     

丁羟弹性体的交联密度

简要介绍了丁羟弹性体交联密度的表征参数、实验方法及其在丁羟推进剂研究中的实际应用。     

压电驱动二维超精密微动工作台定位补偿系统的研究

本文首先介绍了压电驱动二维微动工作台定位补偿系统的结构特点，然后对微动工作台的性能进行了分析，给出了性能实测结果，最后研究了系统在超精密定位补偿方面的应用。     

基于短波多径信道的复判决反馈均衡器的改进

在平方根卡尔曼复判决反馈均衡器原理的基础上,针对短波信道经常存在的多径在前主径在后的情况,对应用于短波高速数据传输的均衡器进行了结构上的改进,不立刻对输入均衡器的码元进行判决,而是延迟一定码元时间后再进行判决。MATLAB仿真结果表明,进行延迟判决的均衡器在既不影响均衡器的收敛速度,且算法复杂度增加很少的前提下,比常规结构的复判决反馈均衡器在抗干扰性能上有很大提高。     

乌鲁木齐机场5～9月降水云系与天气系统配置关系的初步研究

夏季强降水能使机场能见度急剧变差，增加跑道道面的复杂性，破坏飞机的空气动力性。在雨中飞行有可能发生积冰，给飞行带来困难，甚至危及飞行安全。因此，降水预报是夏季供航预报服务的主要内容之一。     

Precipitating Protons and Their Role in Ionization of the Polar Ionosphere

Spatial distributions of the electron density in the latitude range 60°–90° N were calculated on the basis of a physical model of the E and lower Fregions of the high-latitude ionosphere using statistical models of auroral proton and electron precipitation. It is shown that precipitating protons can play the key role in the ionization of the Eregion in the dusk and midnight sectors of the auroral oval. However, quantitative estimates of the contribution of protons to the ionization depend on the used statistical models of electron precipitation. Comparison of the electron density profiles calculated for two incoherent scatter radars, EISCAT (Tromsö) and ESR (Svalbard), for simultaneous precipitation of electrons and protons and for electron precipitation only show that the influence of protons is the most significant in the dusk sector over the EISCAT radar and in the midnight sector over the ESR radar. The results presented indicate the need to take protons into account when radar data are used to derive precipitating electron spectra.     

The Brazilian scientific microsatellite SACI-1

The National Space Research Institute (INPE) is developing the first Brazilian Scientific Microsatellite (SACI-1) based on the vanguard technology and on the experience acquired through projects developed by Brazilian Space Program. The SACI-1 is a 750km polar orbit satellite. The spacecraft will combine spin stabilization with geomagnetic control and has a total mass of 60 kg. The overall dimensions are 640×470×470 mm. The SACI-1 satellite shall be launched together with CBERS (China-Brazil Earth Resource Satellite). Its platform is being designed for multiple mission applications. The Brazilian Academy of Sciences has selected four scientific payloads that characterize the mission. The scientific experiments are: ORCAS (Solar and Anomalous Cosmic Rays Observation in the Magnetosphere), PLASMEX (Study of Plasma Bubbles), FOTSAT (Airglow Photometer), and MAGNEX (Geomagnetic Experiment).