排序方式: 共有173条查询结果,搜索用时 156 毫秒
61.
M. A. Janssen J. E. Oswald S. T. Brown S. Gulkis S. M. Levin S. J. Bolton M. D. Allison S. K. Atreya D. Gautier A. P. Ingersoll J. I. Lunine G. S. Orton T. C. Owen P. G. Steffes V. Adumitroaie A. Bellotti L. A. Jewell C. Li L. Li S. Misra F. A. Oyafuso D. Santos-Costa E. Sarkissian R. Williamson J. K. Arballo A. Kitiyakara A. Ulloa-Severino J. C. Chen F. W. Maiwald A. S. Sahakian P. J. Pingree K. A. Lee A. S. Mazer R. Redick R. E. Hodges R. C. Hughes G. Bedrosian D. E. Dawson W. A. Hatch D. S. Russell N. F. Chamberlain M. S. Zawadski B. Khayatian B. R. Franklin H. A. Conley J. G. Kempenaar M. S. Loo E. T. Sunada V. Vorperion C. C. Wang 《Space Science Reviews》2017,213(1-4):139-185
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L. Abbo L. Ofman S. K. Antiochos V. H. Hansteen L. Harra Y.-K. Ko G. Lapenta B. Li P. Riley L. Strachan R. von Steiger Y.-M. Wang 《Space Science Reviews》2016,201(1-4):55-108
While it is certain that the fast solar wind originates from coronal holes, where and how the slow solar wind (SSW) is formed remains an outstanding question in solar physics even in the post-SOHO era. The quest for the SSW origin forms a major objective for the planned future missions such as the Solar Orbiter and Solar Probe Plus. Nonetheless, results from spacecraft data, combined with theoretical modeling, have helped to investigate many aspects of the SSW. Fundamental physical properties of the coronal plasma have been derived from spectroscopic and imaging remote-sensing data and in situ data, and these results have provided crucial insights for a deeper understanding of the origin and acceleration of the SSW. Advanced models of the SSW in coronal streamers and other structures have been developed using 3D MHD and multi-fluid equations.However, the following questions remain open: What are the source regions and their contributions to the SSW? What is the role of the magnetic topology in the corona for the origin, acceleration and energy deposition of the SSW? What are the possible acceleration and heating mechanisms for the SSW? The aim of this review is to present insights on the SSW origin and formation gathered from the discussions at the International Space Science Institute (ISSI) by the Team entitled “Slow solar wind sources and acceleration mechanisms in the corona” held in Bern (Switzerland) in March 2014 and 2015. 相似文献
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H. Nieuwenhuijzen F. P. Israel C. Slottje L. B. F. M. Waters J. Kleczek K. Werner M. Barylak Patricia Whitelock Ľ Kresák G. Meynet K. A. van der Hucht D. Stickland 《Space Science Reviews》1992,61(3-4):393-417
The general significance of streamers of the solar corona is discussed in the frame of our knowledge of the solar wind phenomenon and the large-scale solar magnetic structure. Thermodynamical and geometric parameters of streamers observed and measured at total solar eclipses are reviewed. Both the low part (in the form of a helmet with a cusp) and the external part (in the form of a stalk extended at many solar radii) are considered. The modelling of streamers starts with the analysis of effects produced by the solar wind flow on a magnetic structure. Facts and arguments are presented in favor of a model with a current sheet and reconnection processes going on along the axis of the streamer, especially in the non-collisional part of the radially extended streamer. Further development of the Pneuman and Kopp (1971) model is discussed, including difficulties occurring in the interpretation of a stationary solution. An empirical model satisfying observations is presented. Future researchs on streamers were discussed with emphasis on observations to be done with the space-borne coronagraphs on the SOHO spacecraft. 相似文献
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66.
Analysis of tape tether survival in LEO against orbital debris 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Shaker Bayajid Khan Juan R. Sanmartin 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2014
The low earth orbit (LEO) environment contains a large number of artificial debris, of which a significant portion is due to dead satellites and fragments of satellites resulted from explosions and in-orbit collisions. Deorbiting defunct satellites at the end of their life can be achieved by a successful operation of an Electrodynamic Tether (EDT) system. The effectiveness of an EDT greatly depends on the survivability of the tether, which can become debris itself if cut by debris particles; a tether can be completely cut by debris having some minimal diameter. The objective of this paper is to develop an accurate model using power laws for debris-size ranges, in both ORDEM2000 and MASTER2009 debris flux models, to calculate tape tether survivability. The analytical model, which depends on tape dimensions (width, thickness) and orbital parameters (inclinations, altitudes) is then verified with fully numerical results to compare for different orbit inclinations, altitudes and tape width for both ORDEM2000 and MASTER2009 flux data. 相似文献
67.
Khan Alam Muhammad Jawed Iqbal Thomas Blaschke Salman Qureshi Gulzar Khan 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2010
Clouds are important elements in climatic processes and interactions between aerosols and clouds are therefore a hot topic for scientific research. Aerosols show both spatial and temporal variations, which can lead to variations in the microphysics of clouds. In this research, we have examined the spatial and temporal variations in aerosol particles over Pakistan and the impact of these variations on various optical properties of clouds, using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data from the Terra satellite. We used the Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model for trajectory analysis to reveal the origins of air masses, with the aim of understanding these spatial and temporal variabilities in aerosol concentrations. We also documented seasonal variations in patterns of aerosol optical depth (AOD) over Pakistan, for which the highest values occur during the monsoon season (June–August). We then analyzed the relationships between AOD and four other cloud parameters, namely water vapour (WV), cloud fraction (CF), cloud top temperature (CTT) and cloud top pressure (CTP). Regional correlation maps and time series plots for aerosol (AOD) and cloud parameters were produced to provide a better understanding of aerosol–cloud interaction. The analyses showed strong positive correlations between AOD and WV for all of the eight cities investigated. The correlation between AOD and CF was positive for those cities where the air masses were predominantly humid, but negative for those cities where the air masses were relatively dry and carried a low aerosol abundance. These correlations were clearly dependent on the meteorological conditions for all of the eight cities investigated. Because of the observed AOD–CF relationship, the co-variation of AOD with CTP and CTT may be attributable to large-scale meteorological variations: AOD showed a positive correlation with CTP and CTT in northern regions of Pakistan and a negative correlation in southern regions. 相似文献
68.
InSight Mars Lander Robotics Instrument Deployment System 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A. Trebi-Ollennu Won Kim Khaled Ali Omair Khan Cristina Sorice Philip Bailey Jeffrey Umland Robert Bonitz Constance Ciarleglio Jennifer Knight Nicolas Haddad Kerry Klein Scott Nowak Daniel Klein Nicholas Onufer Kenneth Glazebrook Brad Kobeissi Enrique Baez Felix Sarkissian Menooa Badalian Hallie Abarca Robert G. Deen Jeng Yen Steven Myint Justin Maki Ali Pourangi Jonathan Grinblat Brian Bone Noah Warner Jaime Singer Joan Ervin Justin Lin 《Space Science Reviews》2018,214(5):93
The InSight Mars Lander is equipped with an Instrument Deployment System (IDS) and science payload with accompanying auxiliary peripherals mounted on the Lander. The InSight science payload includes a seismometer (SEIS) and Wind and Thermal Shield (WTS), heat flow probe (Heat Flow and Physical Properties Package, HP3) and a precision tracking system (RISE) to measure the size and state of the core, mantle and crust of Mars. The InSight flight system is a close copy of the Mars Phoenix Lander and comprises a Lander, cruise stage, heatshield and backshell. The IDS comprises an Instrument Deployment Arm (IDA), scoop, five finger “claw” grapple, motor controller, arm-mounted Instrument Deployment Camera (IDC), lander-mounted Instrument Context Camera (ICC), and control software. IDS is responsible for the first precision robotic instrument placement and release of SEIS and HP3 on a planetary surface that will enable scientists to perform the first comprehensive surface-based geophysical investigation of Mars’ interior structure. This paper describes the design and operations of the Instrument Deployment Systems (IDS), a critical subsystem of the InSight Mars Lander necessary to achieve the primary scientific goals of the mission including robotic arm geology and physical properties (soil mechanics) investigations at the Landing site. In addition, we present test results of flight IDS Verification and Validation activities including thermal characterization and InSight 2017 Assembly, Test, and Launch Operations (ATLO), Deployment Scenario Test at Lockheed Martin, Denver, where all the flight payloads were successfully deployed with a balloon gravity offload fixture to compensate for Mars to Earth gravity. 相似文献
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Farzad Kamalabadi Jianqi Qin Brian J. Harding Dimitrios Iliou Jonathan J. Makela R. R. Meier Scott L. England Harald U. Frey Stephen B. Mende Thomas J. Immel 《Space Science Reviews》2018,214(4):70
The Ionospheric Connection Explorer (ICON) Far Ultraviolet (FUV) imager, ICON FUV, will measure altitude profiles of OI 135.6 nm emissions to infer nighttime ionospheric parameters. Accurate estimation of the ionospheric state requires the development of a comprehensive radiative transfer model from first principles to quantify the effects of physical processes on the production and transport of the 135.6 nm photons in the ionosphere including the mutual neutralization contribution as well as the effect of resonant scattering by atomic oxygen and pure absorption by oxygen molecules. This forward model is then used in conjunction with a constrained optimization algorithm to invert the anticipated ICON FUV line-of-sight integrated measurements. In this paper, we describe the connection between ICON FUV measurements and the nighttime ionosphere, along with the approach to inverting the measured emission profiles to derive the associated O+ profiles from 150–450 km in the nighttime ionosphere that directly reflect the electron density in the F-region of the ionosphere. 相似文献
70.
There have been many significant advances in understanding magnetic field reconnection as a result of improved space measurements
and two-dimensional computer simulations. While reviews of recent work have tended to focus on symmetric reconnection on ion
and larger spatial scales, the present review will focus on asymmetric reconnection and on electron scale physics involving
the reconnection site, parallel electric fields, and electron acceleration. 相似文献