生物组织光学参数：优化散射系数（μ’s）的实时在位测定

利用了一套特殊设计光纤探头组成的稳定态光纤光谱仪测试生物组织的光学参数，从悬乳液(Intralpid)与模拟胶(Phantom)实验推导出优化散射系数(Reduced scattering coeffcient：μ’s)近红外谱测量经验公式。测量反射系数就可以计算出优化散射系数谱。计算结果用模拟胶作了验证，并对大鼠脑组织μ’s进行了实时在位测量，从而得到了一种μ’s在位测量的有效方法。     

The evolution of moderately close and moderately wide binaries

We discuss evolutionary processes in binaries where the primary becomes a red giant with a deep convective envelope before it fills its Roche lobe. Such binaries (late Case B or late Case C, if they evolve conservatively) ought to suffer drastic mass transfer, on a hydrodynamic timescale. In some circumstances this may lead to a common envelope, spiral-in, and finally either a very short-period binary or coalescence. But there appear to be other circumstances in which the outcome is an ordinary Algol, or a wide binary with a white dwarf companion as in Barium stars and some symbiotics. We try to demonstrate that stellar-wind mass loss, enhanced one or two orders of magnitude by tidal interaction with a companion, can vitally affect the approach to RLOF, and indeed may prevent RLOF in binaries with periods over 1000 d. Such mass loss is probably accompanied by angular momentum loss, by magnetic braking combined with tidal friction. The result is that it will not be easy to predict definitively the outcome of evolution in a given zero-age binary.     

Definition of Wingtip Devices Shape and Dimensions for a Subsonic Airliner

The results of flow field numerical simulation on the typical wing-body prototype of the modern DLR-F4 airliner under sub- and transonic compressible air flow are presented. Using the DLR-F4 CAD model, the effect of the wingtip end plate area and of the cant angle of a typical Whitcomb winglet is studied. The dependencies of the model lift-to-drag ratio increment on the flat wingtip end plate relative area and on the cant angle of an airfoil Whitcomb winglet are obtained. The concept of an elliptic winglet with a variable cant angle that similar to the winglet used on Airbus A350 is studied. A technique is developed for solving the multi-parameter design optimization task for the Whitcomb winglet, taking the maximum lift-to-drag ratio of the wing as a criterion for optimization.     

Operational continuity of the global meteorological satellite network

The global network of meteorological satellites used different forms of international cooperation during its development, and some of these forms continue. Concern about continued operation of the global network led the WMO to study the issues and to adopt a long-term policy and strategy based on a shared meteorological satellite network. Nations need to consider how to combine their meteorological and space-related organizations in a partnership role, so they can directly contribute to a future global network of meteorological satellites. Some examples are cited to demonstrate that increased direct participation is a valid and feasible objective.     

A systematic spatial bias in remembering eye positions

Categorical bias in location memory in geometric spaces is well established. The present study assessed the presence of the bias in locating eyes in images of human faces. Participants were presented with digital faces and indicated the position of one of the eyes in both upright and inverted orientations. Biases resulted from participants using multiple sources of accessible information. No differences were found for upright vs. inverted face images. Overall, the data were consistent with the retrieval category adjustment model. These distortions may be considered within the forensic context, when eyewitnesses work with a sketch artist or use a computer program to generate an image of the culprit.     

Wide-Aperture Digital VOR

The very high frequency (VHF) omnirange has undergone a number of evolutionary changes in the past 30 years. Early measurements of large errors led to the development of the Doppler VHF omnidirectional irectioal range (VOR) and its use. Further developments have been the precision multilobe VOR and the precision Doppler VOR. Interest in area navigation has led to the desire for a VOR greatly superior to any so far developed. Specifically, the objectives of the improved VOR would be a system that would significantly reduce magnitude of siting errors, provide greater accuracy and use digital techniques to simplify processing. ssing. The wide-aperture digital VOR described herein has been developed to meet these objectives. Its design is based on the crossed-pair interferometer principle where eight such pairs are energized successively by a set of pulses and phase shifts. The time multiplexed signal, detected by the aircraft receiver, is processed and simple digital computations are performedto determine the angular coordinates. The performance improvements have been achieved by the combination of using a 275-ft antenna aperture, and the use of digital techniques to generate the ground-radiated navigational signals and to process them in the airborne processor. Field tests of the feasibility model indicate it is a high performance ance system, capable of achieving an order of magnitude improvement in both site error reduction and in accuracy compared to present VOR systems. The measured accuracies were 0.11-degree standard deviation.     

Dynamics of the middle atmosphere

Space Science Reviews - It is demonstrated by means of model calculations that while the general configuration of middle atmosphere dynamics (i.e., winter westerlies and summer easterlies) is...     

The Martian and extraterrestrial UV radiation environment--1. Biological and closed-loop ecosystem considerations

The Martian surface is exposed to both UVC radiation (<280 nm) and higher doses of UVB (280-315 nm) compared to the surface of the Earth. Terrestrial organisms have not evolved to cope with such high levels of UVC and UVB and thus any attempts to introduce organisms to Mars, particularly in closed-loop life support systems that use ambient sunlight, must address this problem. Here we examine the UV radiation environment of Mars with respect to biological systems. Action spectra and UV surface fluxes are used to estimate the UV stress that both DNA and chloroplasts would experience. From this vantage point it is possible to consider appropriate measures to address the problem of the Martian UV environment for future long term human exploration and settlement strategies. Some prospects for improving the UV tolerance of organisms are also discussed. Existing artificial ecosystems such as Biosphere 2 can provide some insights into design strategies pertinent to high UV environments. Some prospects for improving the UV tolerance of organisms are also discussed. The data also have implications for the establishment of closed-loop ecosystems using natural sunlight on the lunar surface and elsewhere in the Solar System.     

基于5G的通导融合位置认证系统性能分析

随着无人化智能移动装备在工业、交通等安全敏感领域的普及应用,民用导航定位系统中的定位安全问题日益突出。位置认证是对终端的物理位置声明进行认证的过程,是导航定位安全技术的重要组成部分。基于第五代(5G)移动通信网络的通导融合位置认证系统具有覆盖范围广、认证精度高、用户容量大、建设运维成本低等多重优势。本文首先介绍了多基站位置认证系统的检测判决原理,提出了漏检平均距离的定义作为位置认证系统精度的量化评价指标。在此基础上,通过数值仿真分析了信号带宽、基站同步误差、信噪比对位置认证系统精度的影响,并利用5G信道模型评估了典型场景下的位置认证系统的性能。结果表明,在具备3个以上的视距基站时,基于5G的通导融合位置认证系统可以实现米级的位置认证精度。