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51.
V D Kern S Bhattacharya R N Bowman F M Donovan C Elland T F Fahlen B Girten M Kirven-Brooks K Lagel G B Meeker O Santos 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2001,27(5):1023-1030
During the construction phase of the International Space Station (ISS), early flight opportunities have been identified (including designated Utilization Flights, UF) on which early science experiments may be performed. The focus of NASA's and other agencies' biological studies on the early flight opportunities is cell and molecular biology; with UF-1 scheduled to fly in fall 2001, followed by flights 8A and UF-3. Specific hardware is being developed to verify design concepts, e.g., the Avian Development Facility for incubation of small eggs and the Biomass Production System for plant cultivation. Other hardware concepts will utilize those early research opportunities onboard the ISS, e.g., an Incubator for sample cultivation, the European Modular Cultivation System for research with small plant systems, an Insect Habitat for support of insect species. Following the first Utilization Flights, additional equipment will be transported to the ISS to expand research opportunities and capabilities, e.g., a Cell Culture Unit, the Advanced Animal Habitat for rodents, an Aquatic Facility to support small fish and aquatic specimens, a Plant Research Unit for plant cultivation, and a specialized Egg Incubator for developmental biology studies. Host systems (Figure 1A, B: see text), e.g., a 2.5 m Centrifuge Rotor (g-levels from 0.01-g to 2-g) for direct comparisons between g and selectable g levels, the Life Sciences Glovebox for contained manipulations, and Habitat Holding Racks (Figure 1B: see text) will provide electrical power, communication links, and cooling to the habitats. Habitats will provide food, water, light, air and waste management as well as humidity and temperature control for a variety of research organisms. Operators on Earth and the crew on the ISS will be able to send commands to the laboratory equipment to monitor and control the environmental and experimental parameters inside specific habitats. Common laboratory equipment such as microscopes, cryo freezers, radiation dosimeters, and mass measurement devices are also currently in design stages by NASA and the ISS international partners. 相似文献
52.
K Dose A Bieger-Dose R Dillmann M Gill O Kerz A Klein C Stridde 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》1996,18(12):51-60
The response of spores of Bacillus subtilis, cells of Deinococcus radiodurans and conidia of Aspergillus ochraceus to actual and simulated space conditions (UV in combination with long-term exposure to extremely dry conditions, including vacuum) has been studied: The following effects have been analyzed: decrease of viability, occurrence of DNA double strand breaks, formation of DNA-protein cross-links and DNA-DNA cross-links. All organisms show an increased sensitivity to UV light in extreme dryness (dry argon or vacuum) compared to an irradiation in aqueous suspension. The UV irradiation leads in all cases to a variety of DNA lesions. Very conspicuous is the occurrence of double strand breaks. Most of these double strand breaks are produced by incomplete repair of other lesions, especially base damages. The increase in DNA lesions can be correlated to the loss in viability. The specific response of the chromosomal DNA to UV irradiation in extreme dryness, however, varies from species to species and depends on the state of dehydration. The formation of DNA double strand breaks and DNA-protein cross-links prevails in the case of B. subtilis spores. In cells of Deinococcus radiodurans DNA-DNA cross-links often predominate, in conidia of Aspergillus ochraceus double strand breaks. The results obtained by direct exposure to space conditions (EURECA mission and D2 mission) largely agree with the laboratory data. 相似文献
53.
The paper highlights significance of the interturbine transition duct as part of the high pressure and low pressure turbine spool. The correlations have been suggested allowing us to estimate variation of the average cross section flow swirl while its passing the interturbine transition duct. 相似文献
54.
O. M. Alifanov Yu. G. Egorov V. M. Kul’kov V. V. Terent’ev S. O. Firsyuk 《Russian Aeronautics (Iz VUZ)》2015,58(4):376-382
The elements for various types of attitude control systems used in a number of small spacecraft are considered. An approach for assessment of such system effectiveness based on design requirements for spacecraft purpose and restriction in accuracy, mass and energy is proposed. 相似文献
55.
N. I. Akishev I. I. Zakirov V. A. Ivanov V. N. Paimushin M. A. Shishov 《Russian Aeronautics (Iz VUZ)》2011,54(2):115-124
The known analytical solutions of the linearized stability problems for rectangular hinged plates under the combined loading
are generalized to the similar problems for skew plates, the deformation mechanics of which is described by the equations
of the classical theory formed in the oblique Cartesian coordinates. 相似文献
56.
In this paper, we examine experimentally some devices the principle of action of which is based on using the dynamic pressure
of air extracted to engine cooling and which are meant for reducing the radial temperature gradient in GTE rotor disks. We
established that the devices equipped with the ejector channels make it possible to accelerate the process of the disk hub
heating by hot air suction from the cavity periphery towards the rotor axis of rotation. Using the data of visualization studies,
we show the possibility for efficient operation of ejector devices in the conditions of real GTE rotor circumferential velocities. 相似文献
57.
A technique of optimizing the electrode system of the differential recorder for the aircraft time-of-flight ion-marking airspeed
and aircraft angle of attack sensor by the criterion of ion-marking recording error variance minimum is considered. The technique
is based on analyzing the function of spatial distribution for the ion-marking and recorder electrode interaction field potential
and determining a point for which this function reaches the maximum slope. The relations making it possible to synthesize
the sensor electrode system by the complex criterion as a ratio of error variance to transformation channel response are obtained. 相似文献
58.
The basic steps of an algorithm are given for calculating the parameters of the limiting state of a helicopter main rotor
blade. To estimate the static strength, a technique of elastic constants variation is used; it is based on the limit equilibrium
theory and enables us to obtain the upper and lower bounds for the critical load simultaneously. An iterative technique is
proposed to determine the lower bound of the allowable load on the root section of the composite blade depending on the azimuthal
angle of its turn in the helicopter hovering mode. 相似文献
59.
A technique of analyzing the flutter initiation in flat plate compressor cascades was developed. The viscous and inviscid
flow study was carried out using the COBRA solver based on the modified implicit Godunov method and unsteady implicit method
updated for using. The flutter conditions were revealed and the effect of taking into account viscosity, angles of attack
and time steps was investigated. 相似文献
60.
V. A. Futin 《Russian Aeronautics (Iz VUZ)》2011,54(2):165-169
The influence of the clearance between the case and blade ends of the semi-open impeller on the centrifugal stage characteristics
is considered using the experimental data and numerical calculation results. 相似文献