The O/OREOS mission: first science data from the Space Environment Survivability of Living Organisms (SESLO) payload

We report the first telemetered spaceflight science results from the orbiting Space Environment Survivability of Living Organisms (SESLO) experiment, executed by one of the two 10?cm cube-format payloads aboard the 5.5?kg Organism/Organic Exposure to Orbital Stresses (O/OREOS) free-flying nanosatellite. The O/OREOS spacecraft was launched successfully to a 72° inclination, 650?km Earth orbit on 19 November 2010. This satellite provides access to the radiation environment of space in relatively weak regions of Earth's protective magnetosphere as it passes close to the north and south magnetic poles; the total dose rate is about 15 times that in the orbit of the International Space Station. The SESLO experiment measures the long-term survival, germination, and growth responses, including metabolic activity, of Bacillus subtilis spores exposed to the microgravity, ionizing radiation, and heavy-ion bombardment of its high-inclination orbit. Six microwells containing wild-type (168) and six more containing radiation-sensitive mutant (WN1087) strains of dried B. subtilis spores were rehydrated with nutrient medium after 14 days in space to allow the spores to germinate and grow. Similarly, the same distribution of organisms in a different set of microwells was rehydrated with nutrient medium after 97 days in space. The nutrient medium included the redox dye Alamar blue, which changes color in response to cellular metabolic activity. Three-color transmitted intensity measurements of all microwells were telemetered to Earth within days of each of the 48?h growth experiments. We report here on the evaluation and interpretation of these spaceflight data in comparison to delayed-synchronous laboratory ground control experiments.     

Solidworks 2003在机械设计方面的应用

文章详细分析了Solidworks 2003的技术特点,介绍了其在机械设计方面的应用.     

钢纤维增强的砼剪力墙

近几年钢纤维混凝在建筑领域的应用研究不断深化。本文介绍了用钢纤维混凝土取代梁、柱中的部分箍筋，从而提高了剪刀墙和联系梁结构的整体性。并在相同延性时比普通砼有更高的极限强度。     

The PROCESS experiment: amino and carboxylic acids under Mars-like surface UV radiation conditions in low-earth orbit

The search for organic molecules at the surface of Mars is a top priority of the next Mars exploration space missions: Mars Science Laboratory (NASA) and ExoMars (ESA). The detection of organic matter could provide information about the presence of a prebiotic chemistry or even biological activity on this planet. Therefore, a key step in interpretation of future data collected by these missions is to understand the preservation of organic matter in the martian environment. Several laboratory experiments have been devoted to quantifying and qualifying the evolution of organic molecules under simulated environmental conditions of Mars. However, these laboratory simulations are limited, and one major constraint is the reproduction of the UV spectrum that reaches the surface of Mars. As part of the PROCESS experiment of the European EXPOSE-E mission on board the International Space Station, a study was performed on the photodegradation of organics under filtered extraterrestrial solar electromagnetic radiation that mimics Mars-like surface UV radiation conditions. Glycine, serine, phthalic acid, phthalic acid in the presence of a mineral phase, and mellitic acid were exposed to these conditions for 1.5 years, and their evolution was determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy after their retrieval. The results were compared with data from laboratory experiments. A 1.5-year exposure to Mars-like surface UV radiation conditions in space resulted in complete degradation of the organic compounds. Half-lives between 50 and 150?h for martian surface conditions were calculated from both laboratory and low-Earth orbit experiments. The results highlight that none of those organics are stable under low-Earth orbit solar UV radiation conditions.     

高性能非脆变双基推进剂

这项工作是由赫克里斯公司阿里根尼弹道试验室完成的,是为美国海军战术导弹的应用而改进高性能硝酸酯增塑推进剂工作的一部分。总的目的是研制一种性能卓越的推进剂,它在舰队防御环境下不会发生脆变。尤其需要一种推进剂能满足或者超过美国海军近代高性能验证发动机(HPDM)计划的要求。方法是将聚乙二醇预聚物用于混合增塑剂(50/50N G—BTTN)作为非脆变粘合剂的主要成分。这种增塑剂系统已在其它的赫克里斯计划中经过验证,与 NG 或 BTTN 晶种接触,即使经过长期的—54℃～—12℃之间的温度循环也不会发生脆变。以1磅规模对固体含量为73%～80%的推进剂进行了试验,以调节工艺性能、力学性能。成功地研制出了一种能达到 HPDM 计划要求的固体含量为73%的非脆变推进剂。80%固体含量推进剂的研制工作表明,这类推进剂是可行的,但还需要进一步的研究。     

当高度H≥11000公尺时,计算涡轮喷气发动机飞机的某些飞行特性的新方法

飞机水平飞行的最大和最小速度一般是根据与马赫数成函数关系的发动机推力系数曲线C_P和飞机阻力系数曲线C_X的交点来确定,(图一,a)。     

大滑速下合成润滑油的摩擦牵引力研究

本文采用部分弹性流体动力润滑理论和Ree—Eyring流变学模型研究了国产航空合成润滑油的摩擦牵引特性,获得了合成润滑油的牵引力系数随载荷、速度、材料、润滑油粘度及环境温度变化的规律。      

谐振式光纤陀螺用激光器最优工作区间探究

激光器为谐振式光纤陀螺(R-FOG)的关键器件,根据R-FOG对激光器的要求,提出了一种R-FOG用激光器最佳工作点及最优工作区间的确立方法,制定了激光器性能自动化测试方案,得到激光器光功率、中心波长与电流、温度的变化关系。由此推导出2个激光器电流与温度的最佳工作点,并利用拍频检测原理确立2个激光器电流与温度的最优工作区域。激光器最优工作区域的掌握,为其应用于R-FOG提供了详实的参数指标。     

对抗条件下反舰导弹突击效能评估研究

通过分析对抗条件下反舰导弹导引头开机后的突击过程,提出了影响反舰导弹突击作战效能的主要因素并建立评价指标体系。采用层次分析法和模糊综合评判法建立各子指标的能力计算模型,运用指数法构建反舰导弹突击作战能力的综合评估模型,通过算例分析验证了模型的可行性;运用TOPSIS法验证了模型的可靠性。