空间站通信和跟踪系统

本文将对空间站通信和跟踪系统的现有要求、结构和设计思想进行全面描述,着重阐述那些需要用新方法才能构成高成本—效率飞行系统的领域。其中包括空对空线路、确定自由飞行器相对位置的差分全球定位系统、多目标雷达、数据包/等时信号处理和激光对接系统。另外,本文还将概述预先研制、试验和分析的重要性。     

公众演示表明远现技术大有希望

上星期,坐在温暖舒适的美国航空航天博物馆控制站内的操作手,与数千公里以外水下机器人进行电气连接,通过广角镜头观看了南极冰层下面的水下生命,并且自引导观看了冰土边沿。该演示透露了一种将来用于遥控机器人探索遥远世界表面的技术。 目前,随着高速数据网,交互性电视和计算机软、硬件的发展,已能操作远距离的地面远控车辆,反映未来机器人星际探测的希望。该技术称为远现(telepresence),人类借助它能探测各种遥远和危险的环境。     

航天轴承摩擦力矩的最大熵概率分布与bootstraP推断

滚动轴承摩擦力矩具有不确定的波动和趋势变化,属于概率分布与趋势规律都未知的乏信息系统。这是一个重要问题,它阻碍了对轴承摩擦力矩的小样本分析与总体把握。为了解决这个问题,根据最大熵原理,从小样本入手建立航天轴承摩擦力矩的概率密度函数。以此为基础,在讨论了摩擦力矩的时域特征与概率分布特征后,用bootstrap对摩擦力矩总体的分布参数进行统计推断。试验研究表明,推断结果和试验结果之间的误差很小,满足工程要求。因此,用小样本可以描述航天轴承摩擦力矩总体的统计特征。     

PHYSIOLAB: a new laboratory for the study of the cardio-vascular system

On the basis of the experience gained during the previous french-russian missions on board MIR about the adaptation processes of the cardio-vascular system, a new laboratory has been designed. The objective of this “PHYSIOLAB” is to have a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying the changes in the cardio-vascular system, with a special emphasis on the phenomenon of cardio-vascular deconditioning after landing.

Beyond these scientific objectives, it is also intended to use PHYSIOLAB to help in the medical monitoring on-board MIR, during functional tests such as LBNP.

PHYSIOLAB will be set up in MIR by the French cosmonaut during the next french-russian CASSIOPEE mission in 1996. Its architecture is based on a central unit, which controls the experimental protocols, records the results and provides an interface for transmission to the ground via telemetry. Different specific modules are used for the acquisition of various physiological parameters.

This PHYSIOLAB under development for the CASSIOPEE mission should evolve towards a more ambitious laboratory, whose definition would take into account the results obtained with the first version of PHYSIOLAB. This “second generation” laboratory should be developed in the frame of wide international cooperation.     

平尾均值在武器装备科学技术奖成果评定中的应用

分析、比较了样本均值、截尾均值、平尾均值在统计学意义下的特性和差别,阐述了在武器装备科学技术奖成果评定中,以平尾均值替代样本均值的必要性和意义。