国外机场地面喂给交通系统的分析与启示

在过去的几十年内,我国国民经济高速稳定增长,旅客运输量连年攀升。国民经济和社会发展对旅客高速运输服务提出了更高要求。随着航空运输需求快速增加,机场间竞争越来越激烈,同时民航客运业与高速铁路客运业之间的竞争也日益突显,在这个过程中,扩     

《中国空间科学技术》参考文献著录要求

根据中华人民共和国国家标准GB／T7714—2005《文后参考文献著录规则》的相关规定,制定出《中国空间科学技术》收录文章所采用的参考文献的要求。著录参考文献的重要性和必要性在此就不赘述,只是明确向《中国空间科学技术》投稿,必须按要求进行参考文献的著录。     

Degraded EEG response of the human brain in function of gravity levels by the method of chaotic attractor

The measurement of the influence of different gravity levels on the brain allows to explain how humans react to microgravity in space and to predict the adaptation capability of astronauts. Human electroencephalographic (EEG) signals were recorded during low and high gravity phases of three consecutive days of parabolic flights on the Caravelle aircraft in 1991. EEG signals were processed, using the method of correlation dimensions d of chaotic strange attractors. Results show clear differences between the three flights, with a general decrease over time in the attractor dimensions, a measure of the brain response to changing g levels. However, the dimension is not a one-to-one relation with g levels, as additional variations are observed. Two hypotheses are introduced, the "fatigue/stress" and the "g stress" hypotheses corresponding, respectively, to long-term fatigue accumulated over the three flights, and to short-term fatigue in response to change in g levels. The former explains the overall decrease of dimensions, the latter yields additional variations on shorter time scales. As the brain response degrades with time, at least six degraded modes were observed, explained by both short- and long-term fatigue.     

Electrophysiological, histochemical, and hormonal adaptation of rat muscle after prolonged hindlimb suspension

The perspective of long-duration flights for future exploration, imply more research in the field of human adaptation. Previous studies in rat muscles hindlimb suspension (HLS), indicated muscle atrophy and a change of fibre composition from slow-to-fast twitch types. However, the contractile responses to long-term unloading is still unclear. Fifteen adult Wistar rats were studied in 45 and 70 days of muscle unweighting and soleus (SOL) muscle as well as extensor digitorum longus (EDL) were prepared for electrophysiological recordings (single, twitch, tetanic contraction and fatigue) and histochemical stainings. The loss of muscle mass observed was greater in the soleus muscle. The analysis of electrophysiological properties of both EDL and SOL showed significant main effects of group, of number of unweighting days and fatigue properties. Single contraction for soleus muscle remained unchanged but there was statistically significant difference for tetanic contraction and fatigue. Fatigue index showed a decrease for the control rats, but increase for the HLS rats. According to the histochemical findings there was a shift from oxidative to glycolytic metabolism during HLS. The data suggested that muscles atrophied, but they presented an adaptation pattern, while their endurance in fatigue was decreased.     

Tírez lake as a terrestrial analog of Europa

Tírez Lake (La Mancha, central Spain) is proposed as a terrestrial analogue of Europa's ocean. The proposal is based on the comparison of the hydrogeochemistry of Tírez Lake with the geochemical features of the alteration mineralogy of meteoritic precursors and with Galileo's Near Infrared Mapping Spectrometer data on Europa's surface. To validate the astrobiological potential of Tírez Lake as an analog of Europa, different hydrogeochemical, mineral, and microbial analyses were performed. Experimental and theoretical modeling helped to understand the crystallization pathways that may occur in Europa's crust. Calculations about the oxidation state of the hypothetical Europan ocean were estimated to support the sulfate-rich neutral liquid model as the origin of Europa's observed hydrated minerals and to facilitate their comparison with Tírez's hydrogeochemistry. Hydrogeochemical and mineralogical analyses showed that Tírez waters corresponded to Mg-Na-SO(4)-Cl brines with epsomite, hexahydrite, and halite as end members. A preliminary microbial ecology characterization identified two different microbial domains: a photosynthetically sustained community represented by planktonic/benthonic forms and microbial mat communities, and a subsurficial anaerobic realm in which chemolithotrophy predominates. Fluorescence in situ hybridization has been used to characterize the prokaryotic diversity of the system. The subsurficial community seemed to be dominated by sulfate-reducing bacteria and methanogens. Frozen Tírez brines were analyzed by Fourier-transform infrared techniques providing spectra similar to those reported previously using pure components and to the Galileo spectral data. Calorimetric measurements of Tírez brines showed pathways and phase metastability for magnesium sulfate and sodium chloride crystallization that may aid in understanding the processes involved in the formation of Europa's icy crust. The use of fluorescence hybridization techniques for microbial detection and characterization in hypersaline environments makes this methodology strongly advisable for future Europa astrobiological missions.     

2020年固体推进动力领域发展综述

2020年国外固体火箭行业受到疫情重大冲击,其中供应链遭受的打击使得各个项目相对预定完成时间均在一定程度上有所延误,项目供应商和生产商的抗风险能力成为新武器开发的重要指标.高超声速武器攻防开始走上实用的舞台,人工智能等前沿技术深刻影响着世界各国的精确制导武器部署,将本年度领域内出现的热点进行分析展示,对于更好地理解技术...     

我国某些球粒陨石及中铁陨石稀有气体的同位素丰度

本文测定了剑阁球粒陨石、岩庄球粒陨石、亳县球粒陨石及渭源中铁陨石和新近降落的东乌珠穆沁中铁陨石的稀有气体同位素丰度,根据He、Ne及Ar的测定结果计算宇宙射线暴露年龄,剑阁、岩庄及亳县球粒陨石的宇宙射线暴露年龄分别为5．8Ma、2．5Ma及38．0Ma,东乌珠穆沁及渭源中铁陨石分别为172Ma及17Ma．     

室内火箭试车台的理论和试验评定

用于固体火箭发动机静态试车的一种新的室内试验设施最近在荷兰全国应用科学研究中心的Prins Maurits实验室建成。本文介绍了试车的概况,气体动力学特性,强度和减声特性,以及验证试验的结果。     

MX导弹喷管用先进材料评论 Ⅲ 第二级喷管的先进材料

这是评论MX导弹喷管先进材料的连载第三篇文章。根据空军系统司令部的空间导弹系统组织的F07401—73—C—04223合同,航空喷气固体推进公司进行了本文所述的工作。计划包括喷管设计的选择和要求满足MX ADP(Advanced DeveloPment Program)目的的有关技术。本文概述了材料筛选试验、阐述选择材料的原则、所选择材料的性能、缩比尺寸喷管点火试验的结果和用于全尺寸试验的石墨喷管部件的说明等。