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11.
J Koike T Oshima K A Koike H Taguchi R Tanaka K Nishimura M Miyaji 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》1992,12(4):271-274
In connection with planetary quarantine, we have been studying the survival rates of nine species of terrestrial microorganisms (viruses, bacteria, yeasts, fungi, etc.) under simulated interstellar conditions. If common terrestrial microorganisms cannot survive in space even for short periods, we can greatly reduce expenditure for sterilizing space probes. The interstellar environment in the solar system has been simulated by low temperature, high vacuum (77 k, 4 x 10(-6) torr), and protons irradiation from a Van de Graaff generator. After exposure to a barrage of protons corresponding to about 250 years of irradiation in solar space, Tobacco mosaic virus, Bacillus subtilis spores, Aspergillus niger spores and Clostridiun mangenoti spores showed survival rates of 82%, 45%, 28%, and 25%, respectively. Furthermore. pathogenic Candida albicans showed 7% survival after irradiation corresponding to about 60 years in space. 相似文献
12.
J. Nishimura N. Yajima S. Kokaji S. Hashino 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》1981,1(11):127-133
This paper deals with a star tracking system for a balloon-borne infrared telescope. A control moment gyro has been adopted for controlling the azimuth angle of the gondola. A CCD image sensor is used in a star field camera. Newly developed on-board microprocessor system is used for supervisory control of on-board equipment. 相似文献
13.
M. Fujii Y. Koma Y. Okabe S. Ohta J. Nishimura H. Hirosawa 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》1983,3(6):53-56
An ascentmeter with a sensitivity of 1 cm/s was applied to the automatic control of balloon altitudes. In the flight tests made in 1980 and 1981, the automatic control system was successfully operated to keep a balloon altitude constant during sunset or to descend a balloon with a constant speed. 相似文献
14.
A unified approach utilizing the Kalman-Bucy filtering technique istaken to solve the estimation problem of initial conditions and thesmoothing problem in linear dynamic systems. The equivalencebetween the forward integration method and the backward integrationmethod of the smoothing solution is proved. Complete analyticalsolutions of filtering and smoothing problems of rectilinear motion ofa randomly accelerated spacecraft are derived when the vehicle istracked by the ranging system at the ground station. 相似文献
15.
M. Namiki S. Ohta T. Yamagami Y. Koma H. Akiyama H. Hirosawa J. Nishimura 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》1985,5(1):83-86
A system for microgravity experiments by using a stratospheric balloon has been planned and developed in ISAS since 1978. A rocket-shaped chamber mounting the experiment apparatus is released from the balloon around 30 km altitude. The microgravity duration is from the release to opening of parachute, controlled by an on-board sequential timer. Test flights were performed in 1980 and in 1981. In September 1983 the first scientific experiment, observing behaviors and brain activities of fishes in the microgravity circumstance, have been successfully carried out. The chamber is specially equipped with movie cameras and subtransmitters, and its release altitude is about 32 km. The microgravity observed inside the chamber is less than 2.9 × 10?3 G during 10 sec. Engineering aspects of the system used in the 1983 experiment are presented. 相似文献
16.
J Nishimura M Kodama K Tsuruda H Fukunishi 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》1985,5(1):87-90
Engineering and meteorological feasibilities of a circum-south-polar ballooning project, called “Polar Patrol Balloon (PPB)”, for space and geophysical researches are studied. We plan to use zero-pressure balloons mounting an auto-ballasting system, utilizing the non-sunset condition in mid-summer. PPB will be launced to a level higher than 30 km from an observational base in the Antarctica and come back there by a circumpolar wind. It is predicted that the circumpolar period may be a few weeks in the case of mid-summer 30 km-level flight and its meridional deviation after a circumpolar flight may be within a few hundreds kilometers. We have tested auto-ballasting and ARGOS-tracking, and are developing some on-board data accumulation systems and power supply. If we can collaborate with foreign bases, results of PPB should be much more successful especially concerning simultaneous observations at various latitudes. 相似文献
17.
K. Yoshida S. Torii T. Yamagami T. Tamura H. Kitamura J. Chang I. Iijima A. Kadokura K. Kasahara Y. Katayose T. Kobayashi Y. Komori Y. Matsuzaka K. Mizutani H. Murakami M. Namiki J. Nishimura S. Ohta Y. Saito M. Shibata N. Tateyama H. Yamagishi T. Yuda 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2008
Cosmic-ray electrons have been observed in the energy region from 10 GeV to 1 TeV with the PPB-BETS by a long duration balloon flight using a Polar Patrol Balloon (PPB) in Antarctica. The observation was carried out for 13 days at an average altitude of 35 km in January 2004. The PPB-BETS detector is an imaging calorimeter composed of scintillating-fiber belts and plastic scintillators inserted between lead plates. In the study of cosmic-ray electrons, there have been some suggestions that high-energy electrons above 100 GeV are a powerful probe to identify nearby cosmic-ray sources and search for particle dark matter. In this paper, we present the energy spectrum of cosmic-ray electrons in the energy range from 100 GeV to 1 TeV at the top of atmosphere, and compare our spectrum with the results from other experiments. 相似文献
18.
A. Yamamoto K. Abe H. Fuke S. Haino T. Hams M. Hasegawa A. Horikoshi K.C. Kim A. Kusumoto M.H. Lee Y. Makida S. Matsuda Y. Matsukawa J.W. Mitchell A. Moiseev J. Nishimura M. Nozaki R. Orito S. Orito J.F. Ormes K. Sakai T. Sanuki M. Sasaki E.S. Seo Y. Shikaze R. Shinoda R.E. Streitmatter J. Suzuki K. Tanaka N. Thakur T. Yamagami T. Yoshida K. Yoshimura 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2008
The Balloon-borne Experiment with a Superconducting Spectrometer (BESS) has been carried out to search for primordial antiparticles in cosmic rays. In ten flights from 1993 to 2004, it measured the cosmic-ray antiproton spectrum in the energy range 0.1–4.2 GeV at various solar activity conditions. It also searched for antideuterons and antihelium nuclei, and it made precise measurement of cosmic-ray particle spectra. The BESS program has been extended to long duration balloon (LDB) flights in Antarctica (BESS-Polar) with the goal of achieving unprecedented sensitivity in the search for primordial antiparticles. This report describes recent results from BESS and progress of the BESS-Polar program. 相似文献
19.
M. Sasaki S. Haino K. Abe H. Fuke T. Hams K.C. Kim M.H. Lee Y. Makida S. Matsuda J.W. Mitchell A.A. Moiseev J. Nishimura M. Nozaki S. Orito J.F. Ormes T. Sanuki E.S. Seo Y. Shikaze R.E. Streitmatter J. Suzuki K. Tanaka T. Yamagami A. Yamamoto T. Yoshida K. Yoshimura 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2008
In this paper, we report searches for antihelium in cosmic rays using two recently flown magnetic rigidity spectrometers. BESS-TeV had extended rigidity with an MDR of 1.4 TV and had a flight duration of one day. BESS-Polar was optimized for collecting power. It was flown for 8.5 days and had an MDR of 240 GV. The former flight allows us to explore a previously unexplored rigidity band and the latter flight yields a factor of three improvement in the overall BESS limit. No antihelium candidate was found in the rigidity ranges of 1–500 GV, and 0.6–20 GV, among 7 × 104 events taken with BESS-TeV, and 8 × 106 events taken with BESS-Polar, respectively. 相似文献
20.
K.C. Kim K. Abe H. Fuke T. Hams M.H. Lee Y. Makida S. Matsuda J.W. Mitchell J. Nishimura J.F. Ormes M. Sasaki E.S. Seo Y. Shikaze R.E. Streitmatter J. Suzuki K. Tanaka T. Yamagami A. Yamamoto T. Yoshida K. Yoshimura 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2013
The Balloon-borne Experiment with a Superconducting Spectrometer (BESS) was flown from Lynn Lake, Manitoba, Canada in August, 2000, during the maximum solar modulation period, with an average residual atmospheric overburden of 4.3 g/cm2. Precise spectral measurements of cosmic ray hydrogen isotopes from 0.178 GeV/n to 1.334 GeV/n were made during the 28.7 h of flight. This paper presents the measured energy spectra and their ratio, 2H/1H. The results are also compared with previous measurements and theoretical predictions. 相似文献