The influence of the spatial and temporal collocation windows on the comparisons of the ionospheric characteristic parameters derived from COSMIC radio occultation and digisondes

GPS radio occultation (RO) ionospheric products obtained by Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate (COSMIC) mission during the year of 2014 and the observations from 3 digisonde stations which are located at different latitudes are used to study the influence of different time and space collocation windows on the comparisons of the ionospheric characteristic parameters (ICPs), including the peak density and peak height, derived from the two techniques. The results show that the correlation coefficients (CC) and the standard deviation of the absolute biases (SDAB) between the ICPs derived from the two techniques vary distinctly under different spatial and time collocation windows. Generally, the CC (SDAB) of the ICPs decrease (increase) as the size of the collocation window increases in time dimension or in space dimension. The rate of change of the statistic parameters with the increase in the size of the collocation window in time dimension and space dimension is analyzed for each digisonde station. It is found that within the collocation window of $\left(60\mathrm{m}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{n},{20}^{°},{20}^{°}\right)$, the influence of the increase of $1^{°}$ in the space window on the statistical comparison is much more significant than that of the increase of 1?min in the time window, and it is suggested that there can be appropriate relaxation on the time window within the threshold of 60?min to get a balance between the quality of the comparison results and the number of the matched pairs. In addition, it is found that the same variations in the longitude window and in the latitude window may have different influences on the comparison results when the horizontal gradients in electron density are distinctly different along different directions at the digisonde station, and strict space collocation window is preferred when comparing the observations from COSMIC RO with those from the digisonde station in such cases.     

2004年11月一次磁暴期间全球电离层TEC扰动分析

利用全球分布的GPS原始观测数据提取的电离层总电子含量(TEC)分析了2004年11月6日至12日期间全球电离层暴的形态特点与发展过程.结果表明,11月8日磁暴主相期间电离层暴以大范围的强烈正暴为主,在11月10日的恢复相,Dst又一次降到最低值前后期间,电离层再次受到很强的扰动,大范围的正暴和负暴交替出现.这次磁暴期间夏季半球的负暴更加强烈,反映出负暴偏向于在夏季半球发生的季节变化特点.另外,磁暴期间,夜晚TEC值普遍比磁暴前的平静期要低,具体是什么机制导致还需要进一步收集数据和分析.      

自动钻铆数控托架系统的研制

为了充分发挥现有的RMS335自动钻铆机的功能,使其能够加工装配所需的飞机零部件,设计并开发研制了与之配套使用的数控托架系统,实现与自动钻铆机的通信。经工厂试验验证,该设备达到设计要求,能够满足企业的生产需求。     

双曲型守恒律方程的一个大时间步长二阶TVD差分格式

本文根据Harten,A.的大时间步长差分分格式构造思想,为双曲型守恒律方程弱解计算构造了一个2K 3点大时间步长二阶显式差分格式——LTS-LF格式,得到了其在CFL限制K下为总变差不增差分格式(TVD格式)。文章按照Roe的方法推广格式到方程组情形,并就Burger’s方程和Euler方程组黎曼问题进行数值试验,结果令人满意。     

火星大气进入滑模自抗扰制导方法

针对火星探测器大气进入制导阶段存在着模型参数误差等不确定性,基于直接反馈线性化理论设计了一种滑模自抗扰进入制导方法。首先利用反馈线性化方法对跟踪系统模型进行线性化处理;在此基础上设计了滑模控制律,并利用线性扩张状态观测器估计系统的未知不确定量,在控制律中进行补偿;此外还给出了大气进入段的横向制导律。仿真结果表明,与反馈线性化方法相比,该方法设计的制导律有效地降低了模型参数误差对制导精度的影响,实现了对参考轨迹的良好跟踪,提高了探测器开伞点的精度。     

LEO enhanced Global Navigation Satellite System (LeGNSS) for real-time precise positioning services

Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) has been widely used in many geosciences areas with its Positioning, Navigation and Timing (PNT) service. However, GNSS still has its own bottleneck, such as the long initialization period of Precise Point Positioning (PPP) without dense reference network. Recently, the concept of PNTRC (Positioning, Navigation, Timing, Remote sensing and Communication) has been put forward, where Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite constellations are recruited to fulfill diverse missions. In navigation aspect, a number of selected LEO satellites can be equipped with a transmitter to transmit similar navigation signals to ground users, so that they can serve as GNSS satellites but with much faster geometric change to enhance GNSS capability, which is named as LEO constellation enhanced GNSS (LeGNSS). As a result, the initialization time of PPP is expected to be shortened to the level of a few minutes or even seconds depending on the number of the LEO satellites involved. In this article, we simulate all the relevant data from June 8th to 14th, 2014 and investigate the feasibility of LeGNSS with the concentration on the key issues in the whole data processing for providing real-time PPP service based on a system configuration with fourteen satellites of BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS), twenty-four satellites of the Global Positioning System (GPS), and sixty-six satellites of the Iridium satellite constellations. At the server-end, Precise Orbit Determination (POD) and Precise Clock Estimation (PCE) with various operational modes are investigated using simulated observations. It is found out that GNSS POD with partial LEO satellites is the most practical mode of LeGNSS operation. At the user-end, the Geometry Dilution Of Precision (GDOP) and Signal-In-Space Ranging Error (SISRE) are calculated and assessed for different positioning schemes in order to demonstrate the performance of LeGNSS. Centimeter level SISRE can be achieved for LeGNSS.     

起落架缓冲器卡滞动态临界摩擦探究

为了探究起落架缓冲器卡滞特性设计准则,以某无人机主起落架为研究对象,依据飞机设计手册第14册中缓冲器卡滞特性分析方法,进行了静态和动态临界摩擦分析.分析表明动态临界摩擦在偏航着陆工况和机尾下沉回弹工况下可能发生卡滞.进而结合起落架落震动力响应曲线分析了动态临界摩擦的物理意义,发现现有飞机设计手册第14册中的动态临界摩擦分析方法卡滞判据并不成立,不应在计算临界摩擦系数时计入油液阻尼力.对于起落架缓冲器某状态时刻的卡滞特性分析,以飞机设计手册第14册中静态临界摩擦进行校核更为准确.      

基于结构化特征的遥感影像道路智能提取方法

遥感影像道路提取是空基平台对地智能理解的重要内容.利用道路网络特有的结构特点,从道路网络结构相似性损失函数和结构化特征算子两个方面,提出了一种结构化特征表示的道路提取方法.首先,针对遥感图像中道路目标占比较小的特点,设计了深度较浅、分辨率较高的编解码网络结构;其次,引入道路网络的结构相似性(SSIM)损失,并提出一种道...     

微机数控伺服驱动系统的自动升降速处理

微机数控系统在启动、停止或切削加工过程中改变进给速度时，由于于侗服驱动元件的响应频率跟不上微机插补运算所输出的进给指令信号频率，而容易产生失步或超程，直接影响加工精度。本文较为详细地分析了以微机数控用步进电机或直流伺服电机作为伺服驱动元件的开环、闭环（半闭环）控制系统中产生以上问题的原因，介绍了为解决以上矛盾所采取自动升降速处理的原理、方法和步骤。     

电动直升机飞行性能计算和分析

在传统直升机飞行性能计算方法的基础上,结合电动系统的特性和直升机总体设计的特点,提出了电动直升机主要飞行性能的算法,并分析了电动系统特性参数和直升机气动布局、总体参数等变量对飞行性能的影响.以某小型无人直升机为例,计算和比较了该机电动化改装前后的主要飞行性能.算例结果和分析表明:相对于油动直升机,电动直升机受目前电动系统技术的限制,其续航时间和航程较短,但升限较高;微小型直升机的电动化比轻中型直升机更具有优势和潜力.该算法适用于电动直升机的总体设计和参数选择,也可为油动直升机的电动化改装提供一定的理论指导.