多变量模型参考自适应控制及在飞行控制中的应用

讨论了多变量模型参考自适应控制及其在飞行控制中的应用问题.针对相对阶任意的多输入多输出线性时不变系统,提出了一种模型参考自适应控制方案.基于SDU分解,仅要求高频增益矩阵的顺序主子式的符号已知,从而放宽了对高频增益矩阵的限制.通过构造合适的Lyapunov函数,证明了闭环系统的全局稳定性和跟踪误差的渐进收敛性.将所提方案应用到了飞行控制系统,仿真结果验证了所提方案的有效性.     

氧化物涂层对航天器材料原子氧剥蚀的防护

采用磁控溅射方法在航天器常用材料聚酰亚胺(Kapton)表面沉积无机氧化物涂层(TiO₂和SiO₂),来提高材料的抗原子氧剥蚀性能.通过选择试验材料和参数,优化了沉积涂层的工艺,以克服容易产生裂纹的缺点.对材料进行了原子氧效应地面模拟试验,结果表明,在Kapton上沉积涂层后,质量损失下降了2个数量级.另外,有涂层的Kapton表面基本没有变化并且没有出现裂纹.其中,TiO₂由于热膨胀系数更接近Kapton,比SiO₂的防护效果更好.     

整机产品失效机理危害度定量分析方法

针对整机产品失效机理多而复杂、失效数据少、主失效机理分析为定性方法的现状,提出了一种基于Bayes的失效机理危害度定量分析方法.首先利用Dirichlet分布描述产品的先验信息,结合现场失效数据确定失效频率的Bayes后验分布函数,然后通过Slice抽样方法获得失效频率的满条件分布,进而利用Gibbs抽样得到其Bayes估计,从而实现了各失效机理的定量分析.最后在某型光纤连接器失效机理已分析清楚的前提下,分别用FMMEA(Failure Modes,Mechanisms and Effects Analysis)及Bayes方法确定了其主失效机理,结果表明基于Bayes的失效机理危害度定量分析方法考虑了现场未出现的失效机理危害度,其确定的主失效机理比FMMEA结果更具有可信度.     

基于高增益观测器的航迹角自适应反步控制

针对飞行控制系统中状态向量不完全可测量的问题,设计了一种高增益神经网络自适应观测器.在常规高增益观测器的基础上引入径向基(RBF, Radial Basis Function)网络自适应项,对建模误差和外界干扰进行在线估计.将高增益观测器与基于动态面的反步控制相结合,提出了一种神经网络自适应反步控制方法.引入一阶滤波器,避免了传统反步控制中的"计算膨胀"问题.基于Lyapunov稳定性理论,给出自适应输出反馈控制器和RBF网络权值向量的自适应律,并证明了闭环系统是半全局一致有界.从航迹角控制系统仿真结果可以看出,航迹角能够较好地跟踪指令信号,不受建模误差和外界干扰的影响,所设计的观测器具有良好的收敛性,控制系统具有较高的鲁棒性.     

Optimization of communication network topology for navigation sharing among distributed satellites

Navigation sharing among distributed satellites is quite important for coordinated motion and collision avoidance. This paper proposes optimization methods of the communication network topology to achieve navigation sharing. The whole communication network constructing by inter-satellite links are considered as a topology graph. The aim of this paper is to find the communication network topology with minimum communication connections’ number (MCCN) in different conditions. It has found that the communication capacity and the number of channels are two key parameters affecting the results. The model of MCCN topology for navigation sharing is established and corresponding method is designed. Two main scenarios, viz., homogeneous case and heterogeneous case, are considered. For the homogeneous case where each member has the same communication capacity, it designs a construction method (Algorithm 1) to find the MCCN topology. For the heterogeneous case, it introduces a modified genetic algorithm (Algorithm 2) to find the MCCN topology. When considering the fact that the number of channels is limited, the Algorithm 2 is further modified by adding a penalized term in the fitness function. The effectiveness of these algorithms is all proved in theoretical. Three examples are further tested to illustrate the methods developed in this paper.     

Autonomous navigation of Mars probe using X-ray pulsars: Modeling and results

Autonomous navigation of Mars probe is a main challenge due to the lack of dense ground tracking network measurements. In this paper, autonomous navigation of the Mars probe Orbits is investigated using the X-ray pulsars. A group of X-ray pulsars with high ranging accuracy are selected based on their properties and an adaptive extended Kalman filter is developed to incorporate the Mars probe dynamics and pulsar-based ranging measurements. Results of numerical experiment show that the three-dimensional positioning accuracy can achieve 750m in X-axis, 220m in Y-axis and 230m in Z-axis, which is much better than the positioning results by current Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) or Doppler observations with the accuracy of 150 km or several kilometers, respectively.     

Low-dose carbon ion irradiation effects on DNA damage and oxidative stress in the mouse testis

To investigate the effects of low-dose carbon ion irradiation on reproductive system of mice, the testes of outbred Kunming strain mice were whole-body irradiated with 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5 and 1 Gy, respectively. We measured DNA double-strand breaks (DNA DSBs) and oxidative stress parameters including malondialdehyde (MDA) content, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and testis weight and sperm count at 12 h, 21 d and 35 d after irradiation in mouse testis. At 12 h postirradiation, a significant increase in DNA DSB level but no pronounced alterations in MDA content or SOD activity were observed in 0.5 and 1 Gy groups compared with the control group. At 21 d postirradiation, there was a significant reduction in sperm count and distinct enhancements of DSB level and MDA content in 0.5 and 1 Gy groups in comparison with control. At 35 d postirradiation, the levels of DNA DSBs and MDA, and SOD activity returned to the baseline except for the MDA content in 1 Gy (P < 0.05), while extreme falls of sperm count were still observed in 0.5 (P < 0.01) and 1 Gy (P < 0.01) groups. For the 0.05 or 0.1 Gy group, no differences were found in DNA DSB level and MDA content between control and at 12 h, 21 d and 35 d after irradiation, indicating that lower doses of carbon ion irradiation have no significant influence on spermatogenesis processes. In this study, male germ cells irradiated with over 0.5 Gy of carbon ions are difficult to repair completely marked by the sperm count. Furthermore, these data suggest that the deleterious effects may be chronic or delayed in reproductive system after whole-body exposure to acute high-dose carbon ions.     

基于接触状态分析的叶冠阻尼评估与改进设计

采用基于接触状态分析的干摩擦阻尼结构设计方法,针对某型带冠涡轮叶片进行了阻尼评估与改进设计.接触状态包括接触形式和接触参数,通过接触形式从结构上判断结构设计的合理性;通过接触参数从力学性能上评价叶冠的阻尼效果.对叶片的动力特性、接触状态和振动响应进行综合评估分析,找出叶冠结构设计不足之处,并指出具体的改进措施,使叶冠的接触状态及振动响应得到一定的改善,并找到叶冠弦宽稳定工作范围.接触状态能够细致反映出叶冠工作状态下真实的接触情况,为叶冠结构设计和阻尼效果判定提供了更准确、详尽的参考依据.     

自然对流对相变材料熔化过程的影响分析

为分析自然对流对相变材料熔化过程的影响,建立了二维瞬态、固/液相统一的控制方程,采用SIMPLE算法对底部加热、顶部冷却的方腔内相变材料熔化过程进行了数值仿真,研究了方腔内温度场和速度场随时间变化规律,结果表明:自然对流使液相区等效导热系数增大;随着固液界面向上移动,液相区自然对流逐渐增强,流动状态不断变化.