Galileo Probe Measurements of D/H and 3He/4He in Jupiter's Atmosphere

The Galileo Probe Mass Spectrometer measurements in the atmosphere of Jupiter give D/H = (2.6 ± 0.7) × 10-5 3He/4He = (1.66 ± 0.05) × 10-4These ratios supercede earlier results by Niemann et al. (1996) and are based on a reevaluation of the instrument response at high count rates and a more detailed study of the contributions of different species to the mass peak at 3 amu. The D/H ratio is consistent with Voyager and ground based data and recent spectroscopic and solar wind (SW) values obtained from the Infrared Spectroscopic Observatory (ISO) and Ulysses. The 3He/4He ratio is higher than that found in meteoritic gases (1.5 ± 0.3) × 10-4. The Galileo result for D/H when compared with that for hydrogen in the local interstellar medium (1.6 ± 0.12) × 10-5 implies a small decrease in D/H in this part of the universe during the past 4.55 billion years. Thus, it tends to support small values of primordial D/H - in the range of several times 10-5 rather than several times 10-4. These results are also quite consistent with no change in (D+3He)/H during the past 4.55 billion years in this part of our galaxy.     

Elemental Abundances in Coronal Structures

A great deal of evidence for elemental abundance variations among different structures in the solar corona has accumulated over the years. Many of the observations show changes in the relative abundances of high- and low-First Ionization Potential elements, but relatively few show the absolute elemental abundances. Recent observations from the SOHO satellite give absolute abundances in coronal streamers. Along the streamer edges, and at low heights in the streamer, they show roughly photospheric abundances for the low-FIP elements, and a factor of 3 depletion of high-FIP elements. In the streamer core at 1.5 R·, both high- and low-FIP elements are depleted by an additional factor of 3, which appears to result from gravitational settling. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

基于多目标的二冲程发动机换气过程优化

二冲程航空活塞发动机的换气过程直接影响燃烧效果和发动机性能,以某二冲程航空活塞发动机为例,建立仿真模型,基于动力性能、经济性能、扫气性能进行多目标优化,对扫气道、排气道结构参数的不同组合优化分析。另外,还对不同海拔工况点下（转速为5 600 r/min,100%节气门开度）的气道结构参数进行优化。结论表明:使用NSGA-Ⅱ算法对发动机气道结构的优化可以有效提高扫气效率和功率,优化后（转速为5 600 r/min）分别为0.841 kW和2.712 kW,燃油消耗率降低22.08 $\mathrm{g}/(\mathrm{k}\mathrm{W}?\mathrm{h})$;另外,在不同海拔工况点中,随着海拔高度的增加扫气道长度呈现出减短的趋势,而排气道长度逐渐增加,且在海拔高度大于1 800 m时趋势变化更加明显。      

民用飞机静定和超静定吊挂与机翼连接设计研究

随着科学技术的迅速发展,我国民机事业迎来了发展的黄金期。为研究常见大型民用翼吊飞机吊挂的特点,以某型民用飞机的动力装置和机翼布置为限制条件,研究两种构型对飞机吊挂和机翼的影响。通过研究发现,静定吊挂传力路径清晰且不因某一处破坏而发生传力路径改变;超静定吊挂传力为多路传力模式,在发生一处破损后,传力路径会发生变化,载荷重新分配。通过有限元计算界面内力发现,在吊挂与机翼界面,超静定吊挂内力水平相比静定吊挂界面内力较大,对机翼局部设计影响较大。通过对比两种构型连接方式的界面传力和内力分析,为我国大型民用翼吊飞机吊挂结构的设计和研发提供参考。     

离心泵双密封环平衡系统泄漏特性预测方法研究

为了准确预测离心泵双密封环平衡系统的泄漏特性,通过分析该平衡系统的几何特征和液体流动特点,对其主要过流部件进行简化,将泵腔液体流动简化为由圆周剪切流和径向压差流叠加而成的轴对称二维粘性层流运动,同时将密封环间隙液体流动简化为两平行平板间的定常不可压缩粘性流体层流运动.然后,利用N-S方程分别建立了泵腔和密封环间隙的液体...     

Correction to: Determining the Relative Cratering Ages of Regions of Psyche’s Surface

Space Science Reviews - Analysis of Homestake, Gallex and GNO measurements reveals evidence of variability of presumed solar-neutrino-flux measurements. Analysis of Super-Kamiokande neutrino...     

Balloon altitude studies of southern hemisphere hard X-ray sources by the Imperial College-University of Tasmania-INPE collaboration

Hard X-ray balloon altitude measurements with a 1600 cm² phoswich array are described. Data from observations on Sco X-1, GX1+4, GX5−1, Nova Oph. 1977, SMC X-1, SS433, IC 4329A and MR 2251-178 are presented. The role of Comptonisation in X-ray production for Sco X-1 and GX1+4 is discussed.     

Hard X-ray observations of the Crab Pulsar

The Crab was observed in a balloon flight from Palestine/Texas on 9/28/81 at hard X-ray energies (20–200 keV). The light curve is significantly sharper than reported previously for this energy range. The pulse-averaged as well as the interpulse spectra show breaks in our energy-range. The variation of spectral index across the pulse has an amplitude similar to that found at lower energies by OSO-8 and larger than reported by HEAO-1 A4 at hard X-rays. For a sharp emission line at 77 keV a 99% upper limit of 1.0*10⁻³ photons/ cm² sec can be placed, a factor of 4 lower than line fluxes reported previously. Pulse-shape fits to the optical, X-ray, hard X-ray and gamma ray light-curves reveal a consistent picture of the origin of the interpulse and off-pulse emission, the breaks in the spectra and the variation of spectral index, providing arguments against a thermal component and also a polar cap emission model for NP0532.     

The 2.5 to 5 microns spectrum of comet Halley from the IKS instrument of Vega

Results of the 2.5–5 micron spectroscopic channel of the IKS instrument on Vega are reported and the data reduction process is described. H₂O and CO₂ molecules have been detected with production rates of 10³⁰ s⁻¹ and 1.5 10²⁸ s⁻¹ respectively. Emission features between 3.3 and 3.7 microns are tentatively attributed to CH - bearing compounds - CO is marginally detected with a mixing ratio CO/H₂O 0.2. OH emission and H₂O - ice absorption might also be present in the spectra.     

Dosimetric mapping inside BIORACK

The experiment was flown in different locations inside BIORACK on the D1 mission. It contained different plastic detectors (cellulose nitrate, Lexan, and CR 39) and emulsions to measure the high LET components of the radiation environment. For low LET measurements thermoluminescence dosimeters (L iF) were used. The paper gives data about total dose, charge, energy, and LET spectra so far obtained. These data are compared with data of previous spaceflights.