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291.
J. B. Blake B. H. Mauk D. N. Baker P. Carranza J. H. Clemmons J. Craft W. R. Crain A. Crew Y. Dotan J. F. Fennell R. H. Friedel L. M. Friesen F. Fuentes R. Galvan C. Ibscher A. Jaynes N. Katz M. Lalic A. Y. Lin D. M. Mabry T. Nguyen C. Pancratz M. Redding G. D. Reeves S. Smith H. E. Spence J. Westlake 《Space Science Reviews》2016,199(1-4):309-329
292.
We investigate the behavior of mean values of the solar wind’s and interplanetary magnetic field’s (IMF) parameters and their
absolute and relative variations during the magnetic storms generated by various types of the solar wind. In this paper, which
is a continuation of paper [1], we, on the basis of the OMNI data archive for the period of 1976–2000, have analyzed 798 geomagnetic
storms with D
st
≤ −50 nT and their interplanetary sources: corotating interaction regions CIR, compression regions Sheath before the interplanetary
CMEs; magnetic clouds MC; “Pistons” Ejecta, and an uncertain type of a source. For the analysis the double superposed epoch
analysis method was used, in which the instants of the magnetic storm onset and the minimum of the D
st
index were taken as reference times. It is shown that the set of interplanetary sources of magnetic storms can be sub-divided
into two basic groups according to their slowly and fast varying characteristics: (1) ICME (MC and Ejecta) and (2) CIR and
Sheath. The mean values, the absolute and relative variations in MC and Ejecta for all parameters appeared to be either mean
or lower than the mean value (the mean values of the electric field E
y
and of the B
z
component of IMF are higher in absolute value), while in CIR and Sheath they are higher than the mean value. High values
of the relative density variation sN/〈N〉 are observed in MC. At the same time, the high values for relative variations of the velocity, B
z
component, and IMF magnitude are observed in Sheath and CIR. No noticeable distinctions in the relationships between considered
parameters for moderate and strong magnetic storms were observed. 相似文献
293.
Structural health management technologies for inflatable/deployable structures: Integrating sensing and self-healing 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Erik J. Brandon Max Vozoff Elizabeth A. Kolawa George F. Studor Frankel Lyons Michael W. Keller Brett Beiermann Scott R. White Nancy R. Sottos Mark A. Curry David L. Banks Robert Brocato Lisong Zhou Soyoun Jung Thomas N. Jackson Kevin Champaigne 《Acta Astronautica》2011,68(7-8):883-903
Inflatable/deployable structures are under consideration as habitats for future Lunar surface science operations. The use of non-traditional structural materials combined with the need to maintain a safe working environment for extended periods in a harsh environment has led to the consideration of an integrated structural health management system for future habitats, to ensure their integrity. This article describes recent efforts to develop prototype sensing technologies and new self-healing materials that address the unique requirements of habitats comprised mainly of soft goods. A new approach to detecting impact damage is discussed, using addressable flexible capacitive sensing elements and thin film electronics in a matrixed array. Also, the use of passive wireless sensor tags for distributed sensing is discussed, wherein the need for on-board power through batteries or hardwired interconnects is eliminated. Finally, the development of a novel, microencapuslated self-healing elastomer with applications for inflatable/deployable habitats is reviewed. 相似文献
294.
The advantages of a constant volume combustion cycle as compared to constant pressure combustion in terms of thermodynamic efficiency has focused the search for advanced propulsion on detonation engines. Detonation of acetylene mixed with oxygen in various proportions is studied using mathematical modeling. Simplified kinetics of acetylene burning includes 11 reactions with 9 components. Deflagration to detonation transition (DDT) is obtained in a cylindrical tube with a section of obstacles modeling a Shchelkin spiral; the DDT takes place in this section for a wide range of initial mixture compositions. A modified ka-omega turbulence model is used to simulate flame acceleration in the Shchelkin spiral section of the system. The results of numerical simulations were compared with experiments, which had been performed in the same size detonation chamber and turbulent spiral ring section, and with theoretical data on the Chapman–Jouguet detonation parameters. 相似文献
295.
N. Novikova O. Gusev N. Polikarpov E. Deshevaya M. Levinskikh V. Alekseev T. Okuda M. Sugimoto V. Sychev А. Grigoriev 《Acta Astronautica》2011,68(9-10):1574-1580
The RF SRC—Institute of Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, developed Biorisk hardware to study the effects of long-term exposure of dormant forms of various organisms to outer space and used it to complete a series of experiments on the Russian Module (RM) of the International Space Station (ISS).The experiments were performed using prokaryotes (Bacillus bacteria) and eukaryotes (Penicillium, Aspergillus, and Cladosporium fungi), as well as spores, dormant forms of higher plants, insects, lower crustaceans, and vertebrates. The biological samples were housed in two containers that were exposed to outer space for 13 or 18 months. The results of the 18-month experiment showed that, in spite of harsher temperature than in the first study, most specimens remained viable.These experiments provided evidence that not only bacterial and fungal spores but also dormant forms of organisms that reached higher levels of evolutionary development had the capability to survive a long-term exposure to outer space. This observation suggests that they can be transferred on outer walls of space platforms during interplanetary missions. 相似文献
296.
A. N. Markushin V. K. Merkushin V. M. Byshin A. V. Baklanov 《Russian Aeronautics (Iz VUZ)》2010,53(1):63-68
The test results of a conventional combustion chamber with the improved structure are presented. The concentration of toxic
substance emissions is reduced as compared with combustion chambers of the similar type. 相似文献
297.
R. Govind F.G. Lemoine J.J. Valette D. Chinn N. Zelensky 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2010
Geoscience Australia contributed a multi-satellite, multi-year weekly time series to the International DORIS Service combined submission for the construction of International Terrestrial Reference Frame 2008 (ITRF2008). This contributing solution was extended to a study of the capability of DORIS to dynamically estimate the variation in the geocentre location. Two solutions, comprising different constraint configurations of the tracking network, were undertaken. The respective DORIS satellite orbit solutions (SPOT-2, SPOT-4, SPOT-5 and Envisat) were verified and validated by comparison with those produced at the Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), DORIS Analysis Centre, for computational consistency and standards. In addition, in the case of Envisat, the trajectories from the GA determined SLR and DORIS orbits were compared. The results for weekly dynamic geocentre estimates from the two constraint configurations were benchmarked against the geometric geocentre estimates from the IDS-2 combined solution. This established that DORIS is capable of determining the dynamic geocentre variation by estimating the degree one spherical harmonic coefficients of the Earth’s gravity potential. It was established that constrained configurations produced similar results for the geocentre location and consequently similar annual amplitudes. For the minimally constrained configuration Greenbelt–Kitab, the mean of the uncertainties of the geocentre location were 2.3, 2.3 and 7.6 mm and RMS of the mean uncertainties were 1.9, 1.2 and 3.5 mm for the X, Y and Z components, respectively. For GA_IDS-2_Datum constrained configuration, the mean of the uncertainties of the geocentre location were 1.7, 1.7 and 6.2 mm and RMS of the mean uncertainties were 0.9, 0.7 and 2.9 mm for the X, Y and Z components, respectively. The mean of the differences of the two DORIS dynamic geocentre solutions with respect to the IDS-2 combination were 1.6, 4.0 and 5.1 mm with an RMS of the mean 21.2, 14.0 and 31.5 mm for the Greenbelt–Kitab configuration and 4.1, 3.9 and 4.3 mm with an RMS 8.1, 9.0 and 28.6 mm for the GA_IDS-2_Datum constraint configuration. The annual amplitudes for each component were estimated to be 5.3, 10.8 and 11.0 mm for the Greenbelt–Kitab configuration and 5.3, 9.3 and 9.4 mm for the GA_IDS-2_Datum constraint configuration. The two DORIS determined dynamic geocentre solutions were compared to the SLR determined dynamic solution (which was determined from the same process of the GA contribution to the ITRF2008 ILRS combination) gave mean differences of 3.3, −4.7 and 2.5 mm with an RMS of 20.7, 17.5 and 28.0 mm for the X, Y and Z components, respectively for the Greenbelt–Kitab configuration and 1.1, −5.4 and 4.4 mm with an RMS of 9.7, 13.3 and 24.9 mm for the GA_IDS-2_Datum configuration. The larger variability is reflected in the respective amplitudes. As a comparison, the annual amplitudes of the SLR determined dynamic geocentre are 0.9, 1.0 and 6.8 mm in the X, Y and Z components. The results from this study indicate that there is potential to achieve precise dynamically determined geocentre from DORIS. 相似文献
298.
In this paper, the results of an experimental study concerning average heat transfer in an annular channel with flow swirling
by an endless screw and spherical grooves on the convex surface are presented. Also analyzed is the heat and hydraulic efficiency
of grooves application under conditions being considered. 相似文献
299.
Current projects of manned missions to Mars are aimed to their realization in the second-third decades of this century. The purpose of this paper is to determine and review the main biomedical problems, that require a first and foremost decision for safety support of extravehicular activity (EVA) carried out by crewmembers of the Mars expedition. To a number of such problems the authors of the paper attribute a creation of adequate EVA equipment intended, first, for assembly of interplanetary spacecraft on the Earth orbit, performance of maintenance operations and scientific researches on the external surface of spacecraft during interplanetary flight and, secondly, for work on the Mars surface. New generation of space suits with low weight, high mobility and acceptable risk of decompression sickness must be as a central component of EVA equipment. The program for preparation to a Mars expedition also has to include special investigations in order to design the means and methods for a reliable protection of crew against space radiation, to elaborate the approach to medical monitoring and primary medical care during autonomous space mission, to maintain good health condition of crewmembers during EVA under the Mars gravity (0.38 g) after super long-term flight in weightlessness. 相似文献
300.
Walker Gene B. Castles M. Pike Travers Douglas N. 《IEEE transactions on aerospace and electronic systems》1968,(5):752-755
A previously reported HF loop antenna array for multipolarization direction finding consisting of two spaced loops is described. The method is compatible with twin channel Watson-Watt operation as an Adcock so that the direction finding process is independent of polarization characteristics of the element pattern. Experimentally measured direction finder (DF) bearings were compared with near simultaneous polarimeter data and conventional crossed loops bearings. A major reduction in polarization error was obtained at the expense of full 360° azimuth response. It is theoretically possible to cover 360° with two similar arrays of the type investigated or with crossed loops elements with quadrature phase shifters. 相似文献