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381.
Oka I. Kabasawa S. Morinaga N. Namekawa T. 《IEEE transactions on aerospace and electronic systems》1981,(1):93-100
Transmission characteristics are described for M-ary coherent phase-shift keyed (CPSK) systems with N-stage hard-limiting transponders where noise and multiple continuous wave (CW) interference sources are additively combined in each link. A general expression for the probability density function of the composite phase at the final link is derived; the overall error probability is then obtained from this general expression. Comparisons with N-cascaded linear amplifier systems clearly show the noise and interference immunity that result from the use of bandpass hard limiters (BPHLs). The BPHL system's error probability improvement versus interference sources is shown to be much larger than the improvement versus noise. 相似文献
382.
383.
Kim N.P. Stanbery B.J. Burgess R.M. Mickelsen R.A. McClelland R.W. King B.D. Gale R.P. 《Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine, IEEE》1989,4(11):23-32
Mechanically stacked tandem cells consisting of GaAs thin-film upper cells and CuInSe2 thin-film lower cells have been developed to meet the increasing power needs projected for future spacecraft. The authors report the fabrication of the first highly efficient lightweight GaAs/CuInSe2 tandem cell on a 2-mil thick substrate, update recent performance improvements in thin-film GaAs/CuInSe2 tandem cells, and discuss their application to space power systems. The efficiency of 4-cm2 cells has improved to 21.6% AM0, the highest ever reported for a thin-film photovoltaic cell. Lightweight 4-cm2 tandem cells have been successfully fabricated with efficiencies as high as 20.8%. These cells weighed about 180 mg without optimized substrate trimming. Radiation and operating temperature effects on GaAs/CuInSe2 tandem cells are also discussed, and an interconnect scheme to form a voltage-matched string is described 相似文献
384.
Severns J.G. Hobbs R.M. Elliott N.P. Towsley R.H. Conway R.W. Virshup G.F. 《Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine, IEEE》1989,4(12):8-12
The LIPS III satellite, which was launched into a 1100-km circular orbit of 60° inclination in the spring of 1987, is discussed. LIPS III is a member of the living-plume-shield class of spacecraft, all of which were built around a simple sheet metal plume deflector. The purpose of LIPS III was to provide a testbed for space power sources. An overview of the LIPS III system is given, and the experiments submitted for it, all but one of which were photovoltaic in nature, are described 相似文献
385.
A. DasGupta D.N. Anderson J.A. Klobuchar 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》1982,2(10):199-202
Ionospheric total electron content and the F-region maximum electron density at a number of stations in the equatorial region, during the recent solar activity maximum period 1979 to 1980, show significant differences between the two equinoctial periods. Ionization during the month of March is higher than in September, irrespective of the station location both in northern and southern hemispheres, and in different longitude sectors. The observed pattern is compared with those predicted by different models, in particular with one of the authors which includes processes such as ionization production, loss, electrodynamic drifts, winds and global composition changes involved in the equatorial ionosphere. It is found that a change in the neutral composition is primarily responsible for the observed F-region density differences between March and September. 相似文献
386.
M K Wallis N C Wickramasinghe F Hoyle 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》1992,12(4):281-285
Comet Halley studies indicate most of the nucleus is covered by an insulating crust, presumed of pyrolysed organic material. The subcrust is warmed and percolated by gases within 2AU, so provides one habitat for primitive replicating organisms. Cracks and crevices within contaminated ice in the craters provides a habitat for photosynthesising organisms. Subsurface lakes on the Europa model, though insulated by some metres of ice, would require a trigger (perhaps meteorite impact and energy source (chemical or metabolic energy) to initiate and maintain a suitable-habitat on short period comets. Constraints on transfer between comets and other planetary bodies implies that radiation-resistant species with lengthy hibernation potential would be expected. 相似文献
387.
B.N. Swanenburg 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》1983,3(4):71
The NASA Gamma-Ray Observatory, GRO, will carry two instruments for low energy gamma-ray astronomy. The ‘Oriented Scintillation Spectrometer Experiment - OSSE’ represents the latest step in the evolution of collimated detectors. A large detection area, simultaneous source and background observation and rigorous control over systematic errors yield significant improvements in sensitivity over earlier instruments. The ‘Imaging Compton Telescope - COMPTEL’ brings the proven concept of the Compton telescope to the state of the art level. Position sensitive scintillation detectors make it possible to generate sky images with a resolution of about 2° over a f.o.v. of about 1 sr. The complementary nature of these two experiments promises a first in-depth exploration of the sky in a wavelength range which covers the transition from the X-ray sky to the apparently unrelated high energy gamma-ray sky. Possible directions of further evolution of these experiments will be discussed. 相似文献
388.
389.
Direct initiation of detonations in gaseous mixtures of C2H2-O2, H2-O2 and H2-Cl2 in the pressure range of 10–150 torr using flash photolysis was studied. Similar to blast initiation using a concentrated powerful energy source, it was found that for photochemical initiation, there exists a certain threshold of flash intensity and energy for each mixture at any given initial pressure and composition below which a deflagration is formed. At the critical threshold, however, a fully developed detonation is rapidly formed in the immediate vicinity of the window of incident UV radiation. However, at super critical flash energies, the amplitude of the detonation formed decreases and combustion of the entire irradiated volume approaches a constant volume explosion. It was found that photo-chemical initiation requires both a certain minimum peak value of the free radical concentration generated by the photo-dissociation as well as an appropriate gradient of this free radical distribution. The minimum peak radical concentration permits rapid reaction rates for the generation of strong pressure waves, while the gradient is necessary for the amplification of the shock waves to a detonation. If the gradient is absent and the free radicals are uniformly distributed in the mixture, then the entire volume simply explodes as in a constant volume process. The present study reveals that the mechanism of photochemical initiation is one of proper temporal synchronization of the chemical energy release to the shock wave as it propagates through the mixture. In analogy to the LASER, the term SWACER is introduced to represent this mechanism of Shock Wave Amplication by Coherent Energy Release. There are strong indications that this SWACER mechanism is universal and plays the main role in the formation of detonations whenever a powerful concentrated external source is not used to generate a strong shock wave in the explosive. 相似文献
390.
V. N. Oraevsky Yu. Ya. Ruzhin V. G. Korobeinikov A. S. Volokitin V. S. Skomarovsky 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》1992,12(12):131-134
The paper presents the results and discussion of VLF wave measurements carried out in the course of two rocket experiments on injection of a dense cesium ion beam into the ionosphere at the heights of 165–240 km. The injection was accompanied by enhancement of the broad-band noise by several orders of magnitude. The wave measurements in the frequency range of 1–11 kHz revealed two pronounced frequencies somewhat exceeding that of the lower-hybrid resonance oscillations in the background plasma and the cesium beam. The oscillations were modulated by frequencies close to the ion-cyclotron frequencies of the background plasma. 相似文献