炮弹固冲增程发动机进气道的风洞实验研究

进气道是冲压发动机的重要部件,它的性能关系着炮弹冲压增程发动机性能的好坏.文章阐述衡量炮弹固体燃料冲压增程发动机进气道性能的指标,介绍冲压发动机进气道的分类,着重给出了某炮弹固冲增程发动机混压式双锥进气道在马赫数2.0096时的风洞实验结果,并进行了详细的分析.研究表明,实验马赫数2.0096时,在进气道有效流通面积范围内,随着进气道有效流通面积的减小,总压恢复系数增加;随着弹体迎角的增加,总压恢复系数降低.     

品牌延伸的风险与防范

摘 要 品牌延伸是指尽量利用已成功的品牌来推出改进型产品或者新产品。随着品牌在市场上的成功，企业的品牌资源意识也逐渐增强，他们希望成功的品牌带来更大的收益。经品牌延伸后，不同的产品彼此共享同样的品牌名称及其品牌意义。新产品的加入不可避免地对原有的品牌意义产生影响。这种影响可能是正面的，即加强原有品牌的识别力；也可能是负面的，即削弱了原有的品牌识别力。因此，品牌延伸不是任意的，品牌的识别意义界定了延伸的方向和最终过程。这个问题成为研究品牌延伸原理和决策的基本出发点。     

SiBCN陶瓷前驱体热解机理研究

采用固体NMR和FTIR为主要测试手段对聚硼硅氮烷(PSNB)热解过程中形成的无定型中间体结构进行表征。结合不同温度处理后产物结构的变化将SiBCN前驱体的热解过程分为如下几个阶段:在400℃以下前驱体主要发生转氨基化反应以及Si—H键和N—H键的脱氢耦合反应释放出NH_3和H_2;在400~800℃时,体系中的S—CH_3及其他烃类基团开始发生分子重排并释放出甲烷气体;800~1 000℃,产物进一步发生结构重排形成无定形网络结构。在温度达到1 000℃时体系基本完成陶瓷化转变,此时无定型陶瓷主要由三种成分组成:(1)无定形碳(石墨状);(2)平面BN相;(3)Si—C—N基体(SiC_xN_(4-x)单元,x=0,1,2,3)。     

基于拟合的吸收光谱反演算法研究*

可调谐半导体吸收光谱技术作为一种先进的光谱检测手段,已广泛应用于大气环境监测、工业过程控制等领域,实现不同领域组分浓度、温度、压力等参数的高精度探测。技术分为直接吸收光谱技术和波长调制光谱技术,通过选取不同的目标函数,验证拟合算法在吸收光谱技术中的可行性,两种技术均可通过构建合适的目标函数结合拟合算法实现吸收信息的精确反演,依据物理过程建立吸收模型,分别将直接吸收技术的光强、吸光度及透过率和波长调制光谱技术的光强及谐波信号作为拟合对象,实现了拟合参数的精确计算,从理论上验证了处理方法的准确性,扩展了拟合算法在检测仪器开发方面的应用,为各领域的发展提供了技术保障。     

单通道窄体客机发展和市场研究

单通道窄体客机是使用最为广泛、数量最多、市场需求量最大的一类客机,产品发展活跃、更新快速,技术综合、带动作用明显,研制和发展窄体客机具有重大经济和技术意义。首先介绍窄体客机概念,基于典型机型技术参数和特性总结分析窄体客机的特点;根据载客量/座位数和航程参数将窄体客机分为三类。其次,分析窄体客机产品及技术的发展,回顾1960年代以来的世界主要窄体客机产品的发展历程,归纳窄体客机发展特点、持续改进和系列化发展的方式。最后,分析世界窄体客机市场需求、使用情况、产销数据及当前市场特点,展望未来市场。     

超声速发动机温度测量技术发展现状

火焰温度及温度场分布的测量是航空航天超声速发动机测量技术的重要环节。由于超声速发动机内部温度过高、工况复杂恶劣,应用于亚声速发动机的接触测量技术已难以达到测量要求。针对超声速发动机温度测量传感器的设计方式、试验、温度、测量误差等核心问题,本文综述了现阶段超声速发动机接触式温度测量的方法,重点介绍了辐射与红外测量、可调谐二极管激光吸收光谱（TDLAS）、相干反斯托克斯拉曼散射（CARS）及温度敏感涂料（TSP）等非接触温度测量技术在超声速发动机应用的研究进展和发展趋势,对后续的超声速发动机温度测量技术研究工作具有一定的借鉴作用。     

某型飞机起落架收放系统仿真与性能分析

起落架收放系统的性能对整机的安全性和舒适性具有直接影响。以国产在研某型飞机起落架收放系统为研究对象,利用该型飞机起落架收放机构的数学模型,采用LMS Virtual.Lab Rev的Motion模块和LMS Imagine.Lab AMESim软件进行起落架机构3D和起落架液压控制系统1D联合仿真,利用该联合仿真模型研究气动载荷对起落架收放系统的影响和上位锁阻尼参数对起落架收放性能的影响。结果表明:采用理论计算数值能够实现起落架在有限时间里的收放任务,考虑了气动载荷情况的仿真结果符合实际趋势;上位锁阻尼可作为优化设计的优先选取参数。     

Comparison of the roles of nucleotide synthesis, polymerization, and recombination in the origin of autocatalytic sets of RNAs

Ribozymes that act as polymerases and nucleotide synthases are known experimentally, even though no fully self-replicating system has yet been found. If the RNA World hypothesis is true, ribozymes must have arisen initially from within a random abiotic polymerization system. To investigate the origin of the RNA world, we studied a mathematical model of a chemical reaction system describing RNA polymerization. It is supposed that, in absence of ribozymes, polymerization occurs at a small spontaneous rate, and that in the presence of polymerase ribozymes, polymerization occurs at a faster rate that is proportional to the ribozyme concentration. Chains must be longer than a minimum threshold length in order to have the possibility of acting as ribozymes. The reaction system has two stable states that we term dead and living. The dead state is controlled by the small spontaneous rate and has negligible concentration of ribozymes. The living state has high concentration of ribozymes, and the reaction rates are determined by the ribozymes; thus, the system is autocatalytic. Concentration fluctuations in a finite volume can cause a transition to occur from the dead to the living state, that is, an origin of life occurs within this model. We also consider ribozymes that catalyze nucleotide synthesis. We show that living and dead states arise in the presence of synthase ribozymes in the same way as for polymerases. It has been proposed that recombination reactions are a way of generating long RNA chains in the early stages of life. We show that if the possibility of random reversible recombination reactions is added to our model, this does not lead to an increase in long polymer concentration. Thus, if recombination is fully reversible, there is no autocatalytic state controlled by recombination. Nevertheless, recombination can play an important role in ribozyme synthesis if there is an additional process that keeps the recombination reactions out of equilibrium. We modeled a case studied experimentally in which building block strands of moderate length associate due to RNA secondary structure formation. A recombination reaction then occurs between these strands to form a longer sequence that catalyzes its own formation via the recombination reaction. This system has an autocatalytic state, and it is possible for it to arise within our random polymerization system. If complexes formed by associations of shorter strands can act as catalysts without the requirement that the strands be covalently linked, this would alleviate the need for synthesis of very long strands; hence, it makes the emergence of an autocatalytic system from an abiotic random polymerization system much more likely.     

脉冲纹影技术及其在超声速燃烧室流场显示中的应用

超声速燃烧室内部流场具有流速快、温度高、背景光辐射强等特点,其流场显示较为困难.为此设计了一套脉冲纹影系统,该系统通过缩短曝光时间来冻结流场;另一方面,利用脉冲火花光源在短曝光时间内脉冲放电能量远高于燃烧室背景辐射能量的特点,有效消除了燃烧室背景辐射的影响.利用该系统对马赫数3.0的超临界煤油燃烧流场结构进行研究,得到了超临界煤油燃烧过程的清晰流场结构图像及其演化过程.