钛合金表面镍包石墨喷涂层的耐磨性能

为了提高钛合金的表面耐磨性,利用氧乙炔热喷涂枪,在TC4合金表面上制备出镍包石墨涂层。采用MXP-2000型销盘式摩擦磨损实验机,进行钛合金及其镍包石墨涂层的干摩擦磨损实验,并利用扫描电镜对磨损表面进行观察和分析。实验结果发现,镍包石墨涂层的摩擦系数只有钛合金的一半左右,前者磨损量为后者的1/6,说明镍包石墨涂层可以大大提高钛合金的表面耐磨性能。TC4合金的磨损机制以黏着磨损为主,喷涂层的磨损机制以磨粒磨损为主,喷涂层中的石墨润滑相是其耐磨性高的主要原因。     

空载固体发动机计算与试验模态相关性分析

为了预测空载状态固体火箭发动机动态特性,对其进行了模态试验,并应用MSC.Marc进行了模态计算,然后对比两者的结果,进行了相关性分析和评估。计算得到了发动机250Hz以内的一阶弯曲模态和五阶呼吸模态。试验测得了发动机的三阶呼吸模态和一阶弯曲模态。比较试验测试模态和与之对应的计算模态:固有频率相对误差均在5%以内;振型相关图上的点大都分布在斜率为1(或 1)的直线周围;MAC(模态置信判据)值在0 9左右。说明计算与试验模态有较好的相关性,有限元计算模型比较准确的反映了实际情况。     

An innovative study on low surface energy micronano coatings with multilevel structures for laminar flow design

Laminar flow design is one of the most effective ways to reduce the drag of a commercial aircraft by expanding the laminar flow region on the surface of the aircraft. As material science develops, the emergence of new materials such as low surface energy materials has offered new choices for laminar flow design of commercial aircraft. Different types of low surface energy micro-nano coatings are prepared to verify the effects on the boundary layer transition position and the drag of the airfoil through wind tunnel tests. The infrared thermal imaging technology is adopted for measuring the boundary layer transition, while the momentum integral approach is employed to measure the drag coefficient through a wake rake. Infrared thermal imaging results indicate that the coatings are capable of moving backward the boundary layer transition position at both a low velocity of Mach number 0.15 and a high velocity of Mach number 0.785. Results of the momentum integral approach demonstrate that the drag coefficients are reduced obviously within the cruising angle of attack range from 1° and 5° by introducing the low surface energy micro-nano coating technology.     

A general calculation method to specify center-of-buoyancy for the stratospheric airship with multiple gas cells

As the lighter-than-air (LTA) flight vehicle, the stratospheric airship is a desirable platform to provide communication and surveillance services. During the ascent from sea-level to the mission altitude, the volume of the lifting gas may change significantly, which will result in the change of the center-of-buoyancy (CB). A general calculation method is developed to specify CB for the stratospheric airship with a double-ellipsoid hull and an arbitrary number of the gas cells. The cross-section-integral (CSI) method is used as a basic calculation scenario to specify CB. Considering the complexity in determining the boundary between the helium and air in the gas cell, a searching algorithm is put forward and the specification of CB can be conducted by the iterative calculation. As an important application, the stable condition of the pitch angle is analyzed when the change of CB is involved. Under different initial configurations, the stable pitch angle of the stratospheric airship during the ascent is specified and compared, which shows the advantages of the multi-gas-cell configuration. The results of this paper may provide an important reference for the engineering application of the stratospheric airship.     

基于局部三角变换的OFDM系统

正交频分复用(OFDM)调制技术由于具有良好的抗多径干扰能力和高效的频谱利用率,在许多数字传输系统中被广泛应用,成为当今卫星通信研究的热点。本文提出了基于局部三角变换（LTT）的OFDM系统模型,该系统带外频率谱密度下降快,并能保持相邻的OFDM符号的正交性。给出了用离散余弦变换（DCT）实现的快速算法及复杂度,并考查了最优基的选取。仿真和分析结果表明：该系统误码率比基于快速傅里叶变换（FFT）的系统更小,能更好地适应高速传输带来的大多普勒频移,更有效地利用带宽,为接收端对高速数据的解调提供很好的保证。     

旋转对曲率表面气膜冷却效率影响的数值研究

通过对旋转状态下曲率通道的气膜冷却现象的流动和换热进行数值模拟,得到了不同旋转数下凸表面和凹表面的冷却效率分布。计算选用剪切应力输运(SST)湍流模型,主流雷诺数ReD=4 797,吹风比M=0.4,旋转数Rt=0~0.023 9。研究结果表明,旋转数对冷却效率的影响明显：旋转数的增大使得气膜的轨迹偏转越明显,并且凸表面上气膜轨迹的偏转程度高于凹表面的。凸表面的冷却效率随着旋转数的增加而逐渐减小,而凹表面的冷却效率随着旋转数的增加而递增,并且旋转数的增加会弱化凸表面和凹表面上冷却效率的差别。     

高性能航空有机硅胶黏剂的研制

采用气相法白炭黑、自行合成的MQ硅树脂改性有机硅103基胶,作为室温硫化双组份(RTV-2)胶黏剂的甲组份,用硼酸正丁酯及二月桂酸二丁基锡的混合物作为乙组份,通过调节甲乙组份的比例研究MQ硅树脂对RTV-2胶黏剂活性期的影响,研究了MQ硅树脂性能及用量对胶黏剂的粘合强度、拉伸强度、扯断伸长率等的影响,以制备室温硫化高粘接性能的航空用双组份有机硅胶黏剂。结果表明:MQ硅树脂和气相法白炭黑均对103基胶有较好的补强作用,MQ硅树脂对胶黏剂的粘度影响不大,气相法白炭黑对胶黏剂的粘度影响较大;所研制的高性能有机硅胶黏剂的粘合强度大于2.5MPa,活性期大于1.5h,扯断伸长率大于210%,拉伸强度大于3.0MPa,可耐-60～300℃,适合于粘接金属与硫化硅胶板。     

基于PEM的辅助动力装置系统辨识与仿真

辅助动力装置（APU）是一个复杂的非线性系统,为了研究APU的工作特性,必须对其进行数学建模。本文依据某型APU地面试车数据,采用基于预测误差法（PEM）的输出误差模型进行系统辨识,建立了APU某一稳态点的＂小偏差＂数学模型,以满足后续控制规律的设计和研究。MATLAB仿真结果表明,此方法对APU模型辨识可行。验模表明,所建模型精度很高,且能实时准确反映APU性能,因而可在该状态下基于此模型进行控制器设计。     

圆柱坐标系下连续旋转爆轰发动机的数值模拟

使用两步化学反应模型对连续旋转爆轰发动机(Continuous rotating detonation engine,CRDE)进行了二维数值模拟研究。数值计算获得了同轴圆管腔中间层曲面上连续爆轰的多个循环过程。分析了燃料入射、提前燃烧、爆轰波结构和波传播速度等几个关键问题。计算获得燃烧室内流场结构与之前实验研究结果定性符合。计算中燃料以最大1400m/s沿轴向入射,爆轰波可约以2400m/s沿周向连续循环传播。计算的燃烧室内爆轰波循环频率约为2300Hz。