Threshold Selection Method Based on Reciprocal Gray Entropy and Artificial Bee Colony Optimization

Since the logarithmic form of Shannon entropy has the drawback of undefined value at zero points,and most existing threshold selection methods only depend on the probability information,ignoring the within-class uniformity of gray level,a method of reciprocal gray entropy threshold selection is proposed based on two-dimensional（2-D）histogram region oblique division and artificial bee colony（ABC）optimization.Firstly,the definition of reciprocal gray entropy is introduced.Then on the basis of one-dimensional（1-D）method,2-D threshold selection criterion function based on reciprocal gray entropy with histogram oblique division is derived.To accelerate the progress of searching the optimal threshold,the recently proposed ABC optimization algorithm is adopted.The proposed method not only avoids the undefined value points in Shannon entropy,but also achieves high accuracy and anti-noise performance due to reasonable 2-D histogram region division and the consideration of within-class uniformity of gray level.A large number of experimental results show that,compared with the maximum Shannon entropy method with 2-D histogram oblique division and the reciprocal entropy method with 2-D histogram oblique division based on niche chaotic mutation particle swarm optimization（NCPSO）,the proposed method can achieve better segmentation results and can satisfy the requirement of real-time processing.     

基于BP神经网络和遗传算法对再循环风扇性能参数的确定

环控系统再循环风扇主要采用轴流风机。全压效率是衡量风机性能的重要指标,轮毂比和叶片数是影响风机全压效率的重要参数。因此,为了使全压效率最大,需要确定最佳的轮毂比和叶片数。利用ANSYS软件中的CFX模块,对不同轮毂比和叶片数下的风机模型进行计算,得到这些风机模型的性能曲线和全压效率。再通过神经网络和遗传算法,对这些风机模型的全压效率进行寻优计算,最终确定风机最佳的轮毂比和叶片数。     

基于层面结构的三维闭合地质区块构造算法

复杂地质体几何模型的建立是油气勘探开发领域的一项重要工作,在介绍目前地质体几何建模方法的同时,分析了表面建模方法与实体建模方法相互之间的融合趋势,提出了一种基于三角网格模型的整体建模过程,并在地质体层面三角网格模型的基础上,提出了一种改进的半边数据结构,给出了一种三维地质体闭合区块结构的构造算法,该算法为进一步的地质体实体模型的建立奠定了基础,并且可应用于地震正演模拟计算,射线追踪和三维地质模型可视化等领域.     

SiBCN陶瓷前驱体热解机理研究

采用固体NMR和FTIR为主要测试手段对聚硼硅氮烷(PSNB)热解过程中形成的无定型中间体结构进行表征。结合不同温度处理后产物结构的变化将SiBCN前驱体的热解过程分为如下几个阶段:在400℃以下前驱体主要发生转氨基化反应以及Si—H键和N—H键的脱氢耦合反应释放出NH_3和H_2;在400~800℃时,体系中的S—CH_3及其他烃类基团开始发生分子重排并释放出甲烷气体;800~1 000℃,产物进一步发生结构重排形成无定形网络结构。在温度达到1 000℃时体系基本完成陶瓷化转变,此时无定型陶瓷主要由三种成分组成:(1)无定形碳(石墨状);(2)平面BN相;(3)Si—C—N基体(SiC_xN_(4-x)单元,x=0,1,2,3)。     

基于拟合的吸收光谱反演算法研究*

可调谐半导体吸收光谱技术作为一种先进的光谱检测手段,已广泛应用于大气环境监测、工业过程控制等领域,实现不同领域组分浓度、温度、压力等参数的高精度探测。技术分为直接吸收光谱技术和波长调制光谱技术,通过选取不同的目标函数,验证拟合算法在吸收光谱技术中的可行性,两种技术均可通过构建合适的目标函数结合拟合算法实现吸收信息的精确反演,依据物理过程建立吸收模型,分别将直接吸收技术的光强、吸光度及透过率和波长调制光谱技术的光强及谐波信号作为拟合对象,实现了拟合参数的精确计算,从理论上验证了处理方法的准确性,扩展了拟合算法在检测仪器开发方面的应用,为各领域的发展提供了技术保障。     

Comparison of the roles of nucleotide synthesis, polymerization, and recombination in the origin of autocatalytic sets of RNAs

Ribozymes that act as polymerases and nucleotide synthases are known experimentally, even though no fully self-replicating system has yet been found. If the RNA World hypothesis is true, ribozymes must have arisen initially from within a random abiotic polymerization system. To investigate the origin of the RNA world, we studied a mathematical model of a chemical reaction system describing RNA polymerization. It is supposed that, in absence of ribozymes, polymerization occurs at a small spontaneous rate, and that in the presence of polymerase ribozymes, polymerization occurs at a faster rate that is proportional to the ribozyme concentration. Chains must be longer than a minimum threshold length in order to have the possibility of acting as ribozymes. The reaction system has two stable states that we term dead and living. The dead state is controlled by the small spontaneous rate and has negligible concentration of ribozymes. The living state has high concentration of ribozymes, and the reaction rates are determined by the ribozymes; thus, the system is autocatalytic. Concentration fluctuations in a finite volume can cause a transition to occur from the dead to the living state, that is, an origin of life occurs within this model. We also consider ribozymes that catalyze nucleotide synthesis. We show that living and dead states arise in the presence of synthase ribozymes in the same way as for polymerases. It has been proposed that recombination reactions are a way of generating long RNA chains in the early stages of life. We show that if the possibility of random reversible recombination reactions is added to our model, this does not lead to an increase in long polymer concentration. Thus, if recombination is fully reversible, there is no autocatalytic state controlled by recombination. Nevertheless, recombination can play an important role in ribozyme synthesis if there is an additional process that keeps the recombination reactions out of equilibrium. We modeled a case studied experimentally in which building block strands of moderate length associate due to RNA secondary structure formation. A recombination reaction then occurs between these strands to form a longer sequence that catalyzes its own formation via the recombination reaction. This system has an autocatalytic state, and it is possible for it to arise within our random polymerization system. If complexes formed by associations of shorter strands can act as catalysts without the requirement that the strands be covalently linked, this would alleviate the need for synthesis of very long strands; hence, it makes the emergence of an autocatalytic system from an abiotic random polymerization system much more likely.     

基于二维微扫描镜的平视显示系统研究

平视显示系统是一种目前普遍运用于航空器上的飞行辅助器,它能使飞行员不用低头就可以看到仪表上的重要信息.针对传统平视显示系统体积大、生产成本高等不足,提出一种基于二维微扫描镜的平视显示系统.通过对二维微扫描镜的振动频率与平视显示图像的稳定性、分辨率、刷新率之间关系的分析研究,初步实现基于二维微扫描镜的平视显示系统的搭建,并成功完成一个常见标志的成像,证明基于二维微扫描镜的平视显示系统的可行性.     

脉冲纹影技术及其在超声速燃烧室流场显示中的应用

超声速燃烧室内部流场具有流速快、温度高、背景光辐射强等特点,其流场显示较为困难.为此设计了一套脉冲纹影系统,该系统通过缩短曝光时间来冻结流场;另一方面,利用脉冲火花光源在短曝光时间内脉冲放电能量远高于燃烧室背景辐射能量的特点,有效消除了燃烧室背景辐射的影响.利用该系统对马赫数3.0的超临界煤油燃烧流场结构进行研究,得到了超临界煤油燃烧过程的清晰流场结构图像及其演化过程.     

U形渡槽槽体结构风载体形系数的风洞试验研究

本文对于U形渡槽槽体结构模型进行了风洞实验研究 ,得出了U形渡槽槽体结构的风压分布和风载体型系数。风洞试验结果表明U形渡槽槽体的风压分布和风载体形系数同槽体的高宽比和流场状况有关 ,在同一流场状况下槽体的风载体形系数随着槽体的高宽比变化。本文的试验结果为渡槽结构的抗风设计提供了参考依据。