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861.
W.D. Apel J.C. Arteaga L. Bähren K. Bekk M. Bertaina P.L. Biermann J. Blümer H. Bozdog I.M. Brancus P. Buchholz S. Buitink E. Cantoni A. Chiavassa K. Daumiller V. de Souza F. Di Pierro P. Doll M. Ender R. Engel H. Falcke M. Finger D. Fuhrmann H. Gemmeke C. Grupen A. Haungs D. Heck J.R. Hörandel A. Horneffer D. Huber T. Huege P.G. Isar K.-H. Kampert D. Kang O. Krömer J. Kuijpers K. Link P. Łuczak M. Ludwig H.J. Mathes M. Melissas C. Morello S. Nehls J. Oehlschläger N. Palmieri T. Pierog J. Rautenberg H. Rebel M. Roth C. Rühle A. Saftoiu 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2011
862.
Space Science Reviews - 相似文献
863.
Lightning Related Transient Luminous Events at High Altitude in the Earth’s Atmosphere: Phenomenology, Mechanisms and Effects 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
This paper presents a literature survey on the recent developments related to experimental and modeling studies of transient luminous events (TLEs) in the middle atmosphere termed elves, sprites and jets that are produced in association with thunderstorm activity at tropospheric altitudes. The primary emphasis is placed on publications that appeared in refereed literature starting from year 2008 and up to the present date. The survey covers general phenomenology of TLEs and their relationships to characteristics of individual thunderstorms and lightning, physical mechanisms and modeling of TLEs, past, present and future orbital observations of TLEs, and their chemical, energetic and electric effects on local and global scales. 相似文献
864.
865.
The multicriteria optimization problem on joint choice of a carrier aircraft and main design parameters of an air launcher
decoy are considered. The estimation of the design parameter values for the aerial decoy is based on the statistical data
processing with the use of the methods for constructing nonlinear regression. The result of solving this problem is a set
of Pareto-optimal geometry characteristics of the carrier aircraft and aerial decoy. A person who is responsible for decision-making
should choose the most reasonable variant from these characteristics. An example of solving the problem is presented. 相似文献
866.
Parviz Ghavamian Steven J. Schwartz Jeremy Mitchell Adam Masters J. Martin Laming 《Space Science Reviews》2013,178(2-4):633-663
Collisionless shocks are loosely defined as shocks where the transition between pre-and post-shock states happens on a length scale much shorter than the collisional mean free path. In the absence of collision to enforce thermal equilibrium post-shock, electrons and ions need not have the same temperatures. While the acceleration of electrons for injection into shock acceleration processes to produce cosmic rays has received considerable attention, the related problem of the shock heating of quasi-thermal electrons has been relatively neglected. In this paper we review the state of our knowledge of electron heating in astrophysical shocks, mainly associated with supernova remnants (SNRs), shocks in the solar wind associated with the terrestrial and Saturnian bowshocks, and galaxy cluster shocks. The solar wind and SNR samples indicate that the ratio of electron temperature, (T e ) to ion temperature (T p ) declining with increasing shock speed or Alfvén Mach number. We discuss the extent to which such behavior can be understood on the basis of waves generated by cosmic rays in a shock precursor, which then subsequently damp by heating electrons, and speculate that a similar explanation may work for both solar wind and SNR shocks. 相似文献
867.
868.
Vasileios Tserolas Stelios P. Mertikas Xenophon Frantzis 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2013
The Global Positioning System makes it possible, nowadays, to measure crustal displacements with unprecedented accuracy. These measurements can improve our understanding of the spatio-temporal evolution of motion along tectonic plate boundaries, as well as deepen our comprehension for the nature of earthquake fault behavior and earthquake cycle. The Hellenic subduction zone and the earthquake-prone Crete, with large crustal motions of 3–4 cm/yr, may provide such a natural laboratory for this type of investigation. In this work, we examine the statistical structure and behavior of time series, as produced by permanent GPS sites, established on the islands of Crete and Gavdos. 相似文献
869.
Common properties of raw wood can be determined by measuring the microwave propagation in the media. Unlike early designs from the 1970s and 1980s, simple constructions with phase and attenuation recording are now possible, if optimal frequencies are selected. At K-band, most quality impairments can be detected from basic group delay measurements, e.g., knots or insect holes smaller than 5 mm are observable. Impairments can be detected from a non-parallel viewing direction 相似文献
870.
A summary of the discussions of Working Group 1 (Rees, Reeves, Schramm, Steigman, Tammann, and TPW) on Big Bang Theory as it relates to primordial nuclei and their galactic evolution. 相似文献