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51.
M. R. James L. Wilson S. J. Lane J. S. Gilbert T. A. Mather R. G. Harrison R. S. Martin 《Space Science Reviews》2008,137(1-4):399-418
Many explosive terrestrial volcanic eruptions are accompanied by lightning and other atmospheric electrical phenomena. The plumes produced generate large perturbations in the surface atmospheric electric potential gradient and high charge densities have been measured on falling volcanic ash particles. The complex nature of volcanic plumes (which contain gases, solid particles, and liquid drops) provides several possible charging mechanisms. For plumes rich in solid silicate particles, fractoemission (the ejection of ions and atomic particles during fracture events) is probably the dominant source of charge generation. In other plumes, such as those created when lava enters the sea, different mechanisms, such as boiling, may be important. Further charging mechanisms may also subsequently operate, downwind of the vent. Other solar system bodies also show evidence for volcanism, with activity ongoing on Io. Consequently, volcanic electrification under different planetary scenarios (on Venus, Mars, Io, Moon, Enceladus, Tethys, Dione and Triton) is also discussed. 相似文献
52.
M. Bohm N. Brenning C. -G. F lthammar 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》1992,12(12):9-14
Electrons are needed to maintain quasineutrality in a case where positive ions are injected across the magnetic field into a limited volume in a magnetized plasma. In the absence of collisions, a positive potential builds up and traps the electrons which enter the region along the magnetic field. If the added density of ions exceeds the ambient density, large potential differences along the magnetic field can be maintained this way. The process explains several features of the Porcupine xenon ion beam injection experiment, where strong magnetic-field-aligned electric fields were measured in the vicinity of a xenon ion beam which was injected into the ambient ionosphere from a spinning subpayload. 相似文献
53.
A high-speed compact digital correlation tracker which determines the frame-to-frame translational motion between two images is presented. By combining a similarity detection approach with the correlation coefficient in a parallel pipelined architecture, effective tracking rates comparable to conventional fast Fourier transform (FFT) techniques can be achieved. Examples of the tracker's performance using simulated data and image data acquired by an active infrared radar are given. 相似文献
54.
C. Zeitlin D. M. Hassler R. F. Wimmer-Schweingruber B. Ehresmann J. Appel T. Berger E. Böhm S. Böttcher D. E. Brinza S. Burmeister J. Guo J. Köhler H. Lohf C. Martin D. Matthiä A. Posner S. Rafkin G. Reitz Y. D. Tyler M. Vincent G. Weigle Y. Iwata H. Kitamura T. Murakami 《Space Science Reviews》2016,201(1-4):201-233
55.
On-board image compression systems aim to increase the amount of data stored in the on-board mass memory and transmitted to the ground station. This paper presents an overview and analysis of the state-of-the-art in on-board image compression systems. Compression methods and systems implementations are reviewed. Statistical analysis and developing trends are given. A new architecture of an on-board image compression system for future disaster monitoring multi-satellite missions in LEO is described. 相似文献
56.
Martin C. Weisskopf 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2006,38(12):2953-2958
The Chandra X-ray Observatory was launched on July 23, 1999. The first X-ray photons were detected on August 12 of that same year. Subsequently observations with the Observatory, which features sub-arcsecond angular resolution, have revolutionized our understanding of the X-ray emitting sky providing hosts of spectacular energy-resolved images and high-resolution spectra. Here we present a brief overview of Chandra X-ray Observatory observations of compact X-ray binaries. 相似文献
57.
Robust Preprocessing for Kalman Filtering of Glint Noise 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Hewer G.A. Martin R.D. Zeh J. 《IEEE transactions on aerospace and electronic systems》1987,(1):120-128
The non-Gaussian character of glint noise is demonstrated by exploratory data analysis. This non-Gaussian behavior is characterized by outliers in the form of glint spikes. Since glint noise is processed by an angle-tracking Kalman filter, and since the latter is quite nonrobust, strategies are proposed to minimize the effect of these glint spikes. One of the strategies, which involves robust preprocessing of the data, is pursued in detail. Finally, some results of a planar missile simulation are presented that clearly demonstrate the merits of the robust preprocessing strategy. 相似文献
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We describe a test of the equivalence principle with quantum probe particles based on atom interferometry. For the measurement, a light pulse atom interferometer based on the diffraction of atoms from effective absorption gratings of light has been developed. A differential measurement of the Earth’s gravitational acceleration g for the two rubidium isotopes 85Rb and 87Rb has been performed, yielding a difference Δg/g=(1.2±1.7)×10?7. In addition, the dependence of the free fall on the relative orientation of the electron to the nuclear spin was studied by using atoms in two different hyperfine states. The determined difference in the gravitational acceleration is Δg/g=(0.4±1.2)×10?7. Within their experimental accuracy, both measurements are consistent with a free atomic fall that is independent from internal composition and spin orientation. 相似文献