沉淀硬化不锈钢的应用工艺探讨

阐述了沉淀硬化不锈钢（ＺＧｏＣｒ１６Ｎｉ４ＮｂＣｕ３）在铸造、热处理、无损探伤过程中易出现的问题及解决方法。     

Deformation Behavior of Medium-strength TA18 High-pressure Tubes During NC Bending with Different Bending Radii

To improve the forming quality and forming limit of the numerical control (NC) bending of high-pressure titanium alloy tubes, in this study, using three-dimensional (3D) finite element method, deformation behavior of medium-strength TA18 high-pressure tubes during NC bending with different bending radii is investigated. The results show that the cross-sectional deformation and the wall thickness variation during NC bending of TA18 tubes using a small bending radius (less than 2 times of tube outside diameter) are clearly different from that using a normal bending radius (between 2 and 4 times of tube outside diameter). For bending with a normal bending radius, with or without a mandrel, the distribution of the flattening in the bending area resembles a platform and an asymmetric parabola, respectively. For bending with a small bending radius, with or without a mandrel, the flattening both distributes like a parabola, but the former has a stable peak which deflects toward the initial bending section, and the latter has a more pronounced peak with a bending angle and deflects slightly toward the bending section. The wall thickness variations with a normal bending radius, with and without a mandrel, both resemble a platform when the bending angle exceeds a certain angle. For the bending with a small radius, the distribution of the wall thickness variation without a mandrel follows an approximate parabola which increases in value as the bending angle increases. If a mandrel is used, the thickening ratio increases from the initial bending section to the bending section.     

一种机器人砂带磨削的路径规划方法(英文)

机器人砂带磨削系统具有弹性接触和宽行加工两个显著优点,被广泛应用在具有复杂工件的终加工领域,提高表面质量和加工效率。有关在曲率约束下的磨削路径规划研究较为少见。由于工件与接触轮之间存在复杂的弹性接触,因此,机器人磨削路径可以利用接触运动学的一般方法来求解。机器人砂带磨削过程且需要满足一般的砂带磨削工艺要求,其中最重要的是保证接触轮与工件的局部几何特征贴合。在曲率较小的局部,相邻刀位点的弧长加大,以保证加工效率。相反地,在曲率较大的局部,相邻刀位点的弧长较小,以保证加工精度。利用一系列平面与目标曲面相截,得到相应的截平面的轮廓曲线。对于任意一条轮廓线,优化相邻刀位点之间的弧长,在曲率较大的局部增加一个中间刀位点。本文提出了一种包含弧长优化和主曲率匹配的磨削路径生产方法,通过离线仿真验证了有效性,并利用该方法提高了曲面的磨削质量。该路径规划方法为生成光顺且精确的机器人曲面磨削路径提供了理论依据。     

Double-stage Metamodel and Its Application in Aerodynamic Design Optimization

Constructing metamodel with global high-fidelity in design space is significant in engineering design. In this paper, a double-stage metamodel (DSM) which integrates advantages of both interpolation metamodel and regression metamodel is constructed. It takes regression model as the first stage to fit overall distribution of the original model, and then interpolation model of regression model approximation error is used as the second stage to improve accuracy. Under the same conditions and with the same samples, DSM expresses higher fidelity and represents physical characteristics of original model better. Besides, in order to validate DSM characteristics, three examples including Ackley function, airfoil aerodynamic analysis and wing aerody-namic analysis are investigated. In the end, airfoil and wing aerodynamic design optimizations using genetic algorithm are presented to verify the engineering applicability of DSM.     

The dynamic heliosphere,solar activity,and cosmic rays

This brief review addresses the relation between solar activity, cosmic ray variations and the dynamics of the heliosphere. The global features of the heliosphere influence what happens inside its boundaries on a variety of time-scales. Galactic and anomalous cosmic rays are the messengers that convey vital information on global heliospheric changes in the manner that they respond to these changes. By observing cosmic rays over a large range of energies at Earth, and with various space detectors, a better understanding is gained about space weather and climate. The causes of the cosmic ray variability are reviewed, with emphasis on the 11-year and 22-year cycles, step modulation, charge-sign dependent modulation and particle drifts. Advances in this field are selectively discussed in the context of what still are some of the important uncertainties and outstanding issues.     

Test-Particle Trajectories in a “Sheared” Stationary Field: Newton–Lorentz and First Order Drift Numerical Simulations1

We study a magnetic field distribution that is nonuniform and sheared like in tangential discontinuities. This distribution is an input parameter for the numerical integration of the equations of motion of the test-particle and of its guiding center. Two different electric field distributions are alternatively tested. In the first case, the electric field is uniform and constant like the electric field prescribed in the large-scale, steady-state reconnection models. The numerical solution shows that in this case the test-particle is trapped within the discontinuity into a region where (i) B goes to zero or (ii) the magnetic vector becomes exactly parallel to the electric field. In the second case, we consider an electric field, which is nonuniform. Its components are computed such that the zero order (or electric) drift is everywhere perpendicular to the discontinuity surface and its value is conserved throughout the simulation. In this case the numerically integrated trajectory of the test-particle penetrates the discontinuity for any angle of shear of B. Direct comparison between exact (Newton–Lorentz) and approximated (first order drift) numerical solutions shows that the mathematical singularities of the latter do not correspond to any physical singularity of the exact equation of motion of the particle.     

基于各向异性和非线性正则化的湍流退化图像复原

提出了一种基于各向异性和非线性正则化的湍流退化图像复原新算法。为了有效地从湍流退化图像中估计出退化模型，在湍流点扩展函数的优化估计过程中合理地融合了有关湍流点扩展函数的一些基本的先验知识。首先，将点扩展函数的非负性和光滑性约束加入到目标函数中。再针对湍流点扩展函数的衰减性质，建立了一个具有非线性和空间各向异性的正则化函数，使其在重建点扩展函数时能适当地进行空间梯度平滑。由此通过迭代极小化目标函数来优化估计湍流点扩展函数值，进而恢复图像。对各种噪声条件下的湍流退化图像进行了恢复实验，实验结果表明本文算法具有较强的稳定性和抗噪能力。     

Study of ADS-B Data Evaluation

In western China, the terrain and meteorological conditions are so complex that it is not suitable to construct new radar stations. Automatic dependent surveillance-broadcast (ADS-B) is a totally new surveillance method, so before practically applied and operated in China, abundant tests and evaluations are necessary to validate the performance of ADS-B and guarantee the operational security. During the flight tests, we collect the data of radar, ADS-B and high accuracy position and compare the performance of ADS-B with radar based on high accuracy position. To solve the asynchronous problem among radar data, ADS-B data and real-time kinematic (RTK) data caused by different update rates, this article proposes the technique of synchronizing multi-surveillance data by extrapolating from the data of low update rate to high update rate according to velocity and heading. Meanwhile, because radar data, ADS-B data and RTK data are expressed in different coordinates and cannot be compared each other, this article provides a method to unifying the coordinates of multi-surveillance data. By the analysis and evaluation, we can conclude that the performance of ADS-B is better than radar.     

基于多智能体混合学习的多星协同动态任务规划算法(英文)

针对多星协同动态任务规划问题,以往多采用基于启发式的重规划算法,但是由于启发式策略依赖于具体任务,使得优化性受到影响。注意到协同规划的历史信息对后续协同规划的影响,本文提出了一种基于策略迭代的多智能体强化学习和迁移学习的混合学习算法求解该问题近似最优策略。本文的多智能体强化学习方法利用神经网络描述各颗卫星的强化学习策略,通过协同进化的方法迭代搜索具有最优拓扑结构和连接权重的策略神经网络个体。针对随机出现的观测任务请求导致历史学习策略失效,通过迁移学习将历史学习策略转换为当前初始策略,保证规划质量前提下加快多星协同任务规划速度。仿真实验及分析结果表明本文算法对动态随机出现的任务请求有良好的适应性。     

干涉图处理中的相位去包裹技术

介绍了相位去包裹的相关技术和算法。文中将去包裹算法分成两大类 :路径跟踪算法和与路径无关算法。同时介绍了这两大类算法的数学模型。