多输入多输出雷达的非均匀线性阵列配置(英文)

提出了利用非均匀线性阵列(Non-uniform linear array,NLA)对多输入多输出(Multiple-input multipleoutput,MIMO)雷达系统进行阵列配置优化的方法。在传统的相控阵雷达中,非均匀线性阵列配置被用来形成较窄的波束方向图,而在MIMO雷达中,利用非均匀线性阵列来获得更多的互不相同的虚拟阵元,以此来提高雷达的参数可辨识性能。文中所采用的一种非均匀线性阵列是最小冗余线性阵列,并给出了一种在物理阵元数量较大时最小冗余线性阵列的生成方法。实验结果表明:与均匀线性阵列(Uniform linear array,ULA)配置的MIMO雷达相比,非均匀线性阵列MIMO雷达能够利用较少的物理天线阵元获得相同的参数可辨识性能;而在两种配置的雷达系统的物理阵元个数相同的情况下,非均匀线性阵列MIMO雷达可以获得更大的阵列孔径长度和更低的克拉美.罗界。     

Debris Discs Around Stars: The 2004 ISO Legacy

Debris discs around stars were first discovered by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite (IRAS) in 1983. For the first time material orbiting another star than the Sun, but distinct from a circumstellar envelope, was observed through its far infrared emission. This major discovery motivated astronomers to investigate those discs by further analyzing the IRAS data, using ground-based telescopes for the hunting of exoplanets, developing several projects using the Infrared Space Observatory (ISO), and now exploiting the ISO Data Archive (IDA). This review presents the main ISO results, statistical as well as individual, on debris discs in orbit around pre-main-sequence and main-sequence stars. Based on observations with ISO, an ESA project with instruments funded by ESA Member States (especially the PI countries: France, Germany, The Netherlands, and the United Kingdom), and with the participation of ISAS and NASA.     

Distributed target detection in compound-Gaussian noise with Rao and Wald tests

The problem of detecting distributed targets in compound-Gaussian noise with unknown statistics is considered. At the design stage, in order to cope with the a priori uncertainty, we model noise returns as Gaussian vectors with the same structure of the covariance matrix, but possibly different power levels. We also assume that a set of secondary data, free of signal components, is available to estimate the covariance matrix of the disturbance. Since no uniformly most powerful test exists for the problem at hand we devise and assess two detection strategies based on the Rao test, and the Wald test respectively. Remarkably these detectors ensure the constant false alarm rate property with respect to both the structure of the covariance matrix as well as the power levels. Moreover, the performance assessment, conducted also in comparison with the generalized likelihood ratio test based receiver, shows that the Wald test outperforms the others and is very effective in scenarios of practical interest for radar systems.     

Solar variability and minor constituents in the lower thermosphere and in the mesosphere

Space Science Reviews - The variation in the solar irradiance related for example to the 11-year cycle leads to changes in the photodissociation and photo-ionization of the upper and middle...     

Helium, Oxygen, Proton, and Electron (HOPE) Mass Spectrometer for the Radiation Belt Storm Probes Mission

The HOPE mass spectrometer of the Radiation Belt Storm Probes (RBSP) mission (renamed the Van Allen Probes) is designed to measure the in situ plasma ion and electron fluxes over 4π sr at each RBSP spacecraft within the terrestrial radiation belts. The scientific goal is to understand the underlying physical processes that govern the radiation belt structure and dynamics. Spectral measurements for both ions and electrons are acquired over 1 eV to 50 keV in 36 log-spaced steps at an energy resolution ΔE _FWHM/E≈15 %. The dominant ion species (H⁺, He⁺, and O⁺) of the magnetosphere are identified using foil-based time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometry with channel electron multiplier (CEM) detectors. Angular measurements are derived using five polar pixels coplanar with the spacecraft spin axis, and up to 16 azimuthal bins are acquired for each polar pixel over time as the spacecraft spins. Ion and electron measurements are acquired on alternate spacecraft spins. HOPE incorporates several new methods to minimize and monitor the background induced by penetrating particles in the harsh environment of the radiation belts. The absolute efficiencies of detection are continuously monitored, enabling precise, quantitative measurements of electron and ion fluxes and ion species abundances throughout the mission. We describe the engineering approaches for plasma measurements in the radiation belts and present summaries of HOPE measurement strategy and performance.     

低冲击弹射式发射箱前盖分离特性

针对火箭、导弹储运发射箱前盖快速开启、可靠分离的设计需求,提出一种利用弹簧储能的低冲击弹射式发射箱前盖方案。在此基础上,结合设计方案各部件在分离过程中的受力特性,建立前盖分离和抛落的理论模型,对箱盖分离轨迹进行计算分析。为优化设计参数,利用实验设计方法(DOE)和响应面法(RSM)对影响前盖抛落距离的储能弹簧刚度、有效作用距离以及活动冲击部件的斜板倾角等进行优化分析,获得满足可靠分离判据的优化结果。最后利用基于多体动力学模型的虚拟样机试验对优化模型进行了校验分析,验证了设计方案的可行性和理论模型的合理性。     

月壤剖面锥型螺旋刃成孔钻头设计

针对月壤剖面钻进成孔探测需求,提出一种锥型螺旋刃成孔钻头,建立其钻进排屑性能的理论模型,并以此开展钻头结构参数的优化设计。在此基础上,分析螺旋刃切削姿态及其切削参数,基于直线刃平面切削理论建立锥型螺旋刃成孔钻头钻进切削负载预估模型,开展锥型螺旋刃成孔钻头模拟月壤剖面钻进负载特性试验验证。研究结果表明,相比于直线刃钻头,锥型螺旋刃成孔钻头的钻进排屑性能更优,而且钻进切削负载模型与试验结果具有较好的吻合度。研究成果对我国拟实施的月面钻取采样工程具有重要的借鉴价值。     

空间机器人一体化仿真系统的研究与实现

为对空间机器人关键算法进行验证和评估,开发了一套一体化仿真系统。该系统基于模块化设计思想,由遥测遥控接口、轨迹规划与控制、系统动力学模型、系统3D几何模型、相机成像模型、图像处理与位姿测量、碰撞检测与安全预警等模块组成。其中,3D实体模型及仿真场景由OSG(Open Scene Graph)建立,各关键模块的算法采用C语言编程实现,可对空间机器人执行在轨任务的关键算法进行闭环验证。最后对两种典型工况进行了仿真实验,结果表明了该系统的有效性。     

Electric Fields and Magnetic Fields in the Plasmasphere: A Perspective From CLUSTER and IMAGE

The electric field and magnetic field are basic quantities in the plasmasphere measured since the 1960s. In this review, we first recall conventional wisdom and remaining problems from ground-based whistler measurements. Then we show scientific results from Cluster and Image, which are specifically made possible by newly introduced features on these spacecraft, as follows. 1. In situ electric field measurements using artificial electron beams are successfully used to identify electric fields originating from various sources. 2. Global electric fields are derived from sequences of plasmaspheric images, revealing how the inner magnetospheric electric field responds to the southward interplanetary magnetic fields and storms/substorms. 3. Understanding of sub-auroral polarization stream (SAPS) or sub-auroral ion drifts (SAID) are advanced through analysis of a combination of magnetospheric and ionospheric measurements from Cluster, Image, and DMSP. 4. Data from multiple spacecraft have been used to estimate magnetic gradients for the first time.     

模拟月壤钻进负载分析与试验研究

月壤与采样机具间的相互作用在月球自主采样器的设计、性能评价、控制和仿真等方面具有重要作用,目前对于月壤与采样机具间相互作用中的钻进负载研究尚不充分。本文基于被动土压力理论,根据不同的土体切削状态,将切削刃前土体分为堆积区和破坏区,重点分析堆积区土体和破坏区土体对总钻头负载的贡献,建立了月壤取心钻头钻进松散土体的钻进负载模型。HIT 2型取心钻头和HIT\|LS1#模拟月壤的钻进试验结果表明,钻进负载理论模型与实际情况具有较高的吻合度。