航天器热平衡试验中的热流测量技术

文章介绍了在航天器热平衡试验中到达航天器表面或被其吸收的红外辐射热流密度的测量技术。     

质心位置对超空泡射弹尾拍运动影响分析

基于均质平衡流理论,通过求解混合介质的RANS(Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes equations)方程、SST(Shear Stress Transport)湍流方程和不同介质之间的质量输运方程,结合刚体运动方程和网格变形方法,研究了不同质心位置的超空泡射弹尾拍运动特性以及尾拍运动下超空泡形态特性,对比分析了不同质心位置的超空泡射弹尾拍运动的刚体运动和尾拍力的变化特征.结果表明,射弹尾拍运动对空泡形态的对称性有较大影响,发生碰撞处的空泡壁面朝着弹体转动的方向发展;射弹尾拍运动的转动角度、角速度、角加速度以及尾拍阻力和尾拍升力等都表现出周期性变化规律,且随着质心与射弹头部距离的增加,转动惯量增大,变化周期也增大.     

A Gaussian Mixture PHD Filter for Jump Markov System Models

The probability hypothesis density (PHD) filter is an attractive approach to tracking an unknown and time-varying number of targets in the presence of data association uncertainty, clutter, noise, and detection uncertainty. The PHD filter admits a closed-form solution for a linear Gaussian multi-target model. However, this model is not general enough to accommodate maneuvering targets that switch between several models. In this paper, we generalize the notion of linear jump Markov systems to the multiple target case to accommodate births, deaths, and switching dynamics. We then derive a closed-form solution to the PHD recursion for the proposed linear Gaussian jump Markov multi-target model. Based on this an efficient method for tracking multiple maneuvering targets that switch between a set of linear Gaussian models is developed. An analytic implementation of the PHD filter using statistical linear regression technique is also proposed for targets that switch between a set of nonlinear models. We demonstrate through simulations that the proposed PHD filters are effective in tracking multiple maneuvering targets.     

金属橡胶材料吸声特性试验与分析

根据已经建立的金属橡胶材料的吸声理论模型,采用阻抗管法对不同参数下金属橡胶材料的吸声系数和声阻抗进行了试验测量和研究.进一步考察了金属橡胶结构参数(丝径、厚度、孔隙率、背后空腔深度等)对其吸声特性的影响及影响规律.并与该理论模型的计算结果进行了对比分析,验证了该模型的准确性,进而为金属橡胶在吸声降噪方面的工程应用提供了试验方法,为进一步完善该理论奠定基础.     

多点源诱偏系统对抗反辐射导弹效能分析

基于有源诱偏系统对抗反辐射导弹(ARM,Anti-Radiation Missile)的理论,导出诱偏误差公式,以3种典型布局方案(三点源布局1、三点源布局2及四点源布局)为例,对误差公式进行简化处理,通过数值计算得到诱偏误差曲线,分析不同布局方案下辐射源功率比对诱偏误差的影响;同时分析ARM的实际攻击过程,引入ARM机动修正,通过仿真分析得到ARM落点图和雷达保护概率曲线,对比不同布局方案下的诱偏效果,结果表明四点源布局为最优方案,对研究多点源诱偏系统对抗ARM的作战效能具有指导意义.     

BOC调制信号的特性分析

二进制偏移载波(BOC)调制是GPS现代化后采用的新军用信号(即M码信号)的调制方式, 其设计灵活性和可变性在导航战中是非常重要的.推导并分析了不同形式BOC信号的自相关函数、功率谱、循环谱和循环谱包络切面特性,分析结果对下一步BOC信号的参数估计和模式识别具有参考价值.     

混合电路故障诊断中的状态分割法

在故障字典法和离散事件系统(DES, Discrete Event System)离线诊断模型的基础上,提出一种对混合电路统一建模的方法:状态分割法.围绕系统状态和状态的划分之间的关系,以数学分析为主,提出交叉交运算的定义,证明了交叉交运算在划分集上的封闭性以及该运算是划分集上的划分积等性质.借用DES离线诊断模型的建模思想,提出系统的可诊断性定义,利用交叉交运算的性质证明了最小现象集存在并可达的结论.以故障现象分割系统状态集合的方式来定位系统所处的故障状态,把故障字典法和DES离线诊断模型统一起来,指出了状态分割法的通用性.      

仿生机器鱼尾鳍拍动的控制算法

两关节尾鳍拍动控制是一个在高速、大载荷下的运动控制问题,它要求同时保证速度和位置波形失真都比较小.论证了尾鳍拍动推进方式与鱼体波动推进方式的一致性,根据尾鳍拍动的运动规律导出了用于拍动控制的数学模型.基于SPC-III机器鱼硬件平台,在主臂控制上,提出了根据摆角位置解算转速,并结合时间与摆角位置关系进行速度补偿的算法;在小臂控制上,提出了根据两关节摆角位置的关系及程序循环周期解算小臂目标位置的跟随算法.对高频拍动的实现进行了探讨.在试验中对尾鳍拍动的跟随性进行了验证.      

With a grain of salt: what halite has to offer to discussions on the origin of life

This experimental study investigated how the dynamics of the crystallization of the evaporite mineral halite could affect the accumulation and preservation of organic macromolecules present in the crystallizing solution. Halite was grown under controlled conditions in the presence of polymer nanoparticles that acted as an analog to protocellular material. Optical microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and laser scanning confocal fluorescence microscopy were used to trace the localization of the nanoparticles during and after growth of halite crystals. The present study revealed that the organic nanoparticles were not regularly incorporated within the halite, but were very concentrated on its surfaces. Their distribution was controlled dominantly by the morphologic surface features of the mineral rather than by specific molecular interactions with an atomic plane of the mineral. This means that the distribution of organic molecules was controlled by surfaces like those of halite's evaporitic growth forms. The experiments with halite also demonstrated that a mineral need not continuously incorporate organic molecules during its crystallization to preserve those molecules: After rejection by (non-incorporation into) the crystallizing halite, the organic nanoparticles increased in concentration in the evaporating brine. They ultimately either adsorbed in rectilinear patterns onto the hopper-enhanced surfaces and along discontinuities within the crystals, or they were encapsulated within fluid inclusions. Of additional importance in origin-of-life considerations is the fact that halite in the natural environment rapidly can change its role from that of a protective repository (in the absence of water) to that of a source of organic particles (as soon as water is present) when the mineral dissolves.     

一种无人驾驶直升机天线跟踪系统的研制

保证天线跟踪系统的正确跟踪指向是无人驾驶直升机遥测遥控系统可靠工作的关键技术问题.详细论述了一种无人直升机天线跟踪系统的设计及其实现,并讨论了其跟踪精度、可靠性、跟踪模式,以及针对直升机的特殊问题采取的方案.相对于圆锥扫描跟踪体制的系统,本系统设备简洁、高效、可靠、成本低,同时又能够满足系统的性能要求,适应车载移动地面站安装使用.该系统参加了多次飞行试验,系统工作稳定,并完成设计定型.