带防热层复合材料锥壳热固化变形的数值模拟

采用数值模拟方法研究带防热层缠绕成型复合材料锥壳热固化变形的形成机理和影响因素.建立了带防热层复合材料锥壳热固化变形预测的三维有限元程序.计算结果表明:外层防热材料和内层结构材料热膨胀系数不匹配是引起壳体固化变形的主要原因.提出在内层和外层之间增加中间过渡层的方法控制壳体的固化变形,中间层材料为丁腈橡胶片时可使固化变形减小20%以上.采用数值模拟方法讨论了中间层模量、厚度以及缠绕张力对壳体固化变形的影响,分析结果表明:固化变形随中间层模量的增加而增加,随中间层厚度的增加略有减小;缠绕张力释放增加壳体的固化变形,缠绕张力越大引起的固化变形越大.     

Demonstration of a high sensitivity GNSS software receiver for indoor positioning

Advances in signal processing techniques contributed to the significant improvements of GNSS receiver performance in dense multipath environments and created the opportunities for a new category of high-sensitivity GNSS (HS-GNSS) receivers that can provide GNSS location services in indoor environments. The difficulties in improving the availability, reliability, and accuracy of these indoor capable GNSS receivers exceed those of the receivers designed for the most hostile urban canyon environments. The authors of this paper identified the vector tracking schemes, signal propagation statistics, and parallel processing techniques that are critical to a robust HS-GNSS receiver for indoor environments and successfully incorporated them into a fully functional high-sensitivity software receiver. A flexible vector-based receiver architecture is introduced to combine these key indoor signal processing technologies into GSNRx-hs™ – the high sensitivity software navigation receiver developed at the University of Calgary. The resulting receiver can perform multi-mode vector tracking in indoor environment at various levels of location and timing uncertainties. In addition to the obvious improvements in time-to-first-fix (TTFF) and signal sensitivity, the field test results in indoor environments surrounded by wood, glass, and concrete showed that the new techniques effectively improved the performance of indoor GNSS positioning. With fine GNSS timing, the proposed receiver can consistently deliver indoor navigation solution with the horizontal accuracy of 2–15 m depending on the satellite geometry and the indoor environments. If only the coarse GNSS timing is available, the horizontal accuracy of the indoor navigation solution from the proposed receiver is around 30 m depending on the coarse timing accuracy, the satellite geometry, and the indoor environments. From the preliminary field test results, it has been observed that the signal processing sensitivity is the dominant factor on the availability of the indoor navigation solution, while the GNSS timing accuracy is the dominant factor on the accuracy of the indoor navigation solution.     

闭环FOG的自诊断及在RSDIMU中的应用

首先阐述了闭环干涉型光纤陀螺(I-FOG)中回路的特点,揭示了它的自诊断能力.由此给出了一种具有自诊断能力的闭环干涉型光纤陀螺并将它应用于一种容错捷联惯性测量单元(RSDIMU)中,针对该单元,设计了一种容错算法.该算法除了利用陀螺的输出外,还引入了它的自诊断信息,从而实现了仪表级的信息冗余,使这种RSDIMU的容错能力由原来的故障运行(FO)-故障运行(FO)-故障安全(FS)上升到FO-FO-FO-FO-FS.用Markov可靠性估计模型对该系统的估计表明,其可靠性也有了很大的提高.      

大气准两年振荡对赤道行星波上传的影响

本文讨论了热带大气行星波在QBO风场中向上传播的规律,并运用数值模拟的方法,得到了开尔文波和混合罗斯贝重力波在QBO不同相位下交替上传的结果。试图用QBO对行星波的调制解释QBO在日地相关性中的作用.     

低重频PD雷达的临界散射截面计算方法

提出了低脉冲重复频率PD(Pulse Doppler)雷达探测飞行器目标的临界散射截面的计算方法.针对低重频PD雷达对目标的发现概率计算过程中所遇到的问题,采用临界仰角法处理雷达的未知参数,将之合并为雷达系统特征常数.将低重频PD雷达的旁瓣杂波合理等效为白噪声,处理目标频移落在旁瓣杂波区的情况.采用等效杂波散射截面积叠加旁瓣杂波中目标临界散射截面处理目标频移落在主瓣杂波区的问题,并考虑偏置相位中心天线(DPCA)技术对目标频移落在主瓣杂波中时临界散射截面的影响,使计算结果更合理,从而完善低脉冲重复频率PD雷达在全频域中临界散射截面的计算方法.该方法可应用于计算目标突防时的发现概率.最后以E－2C预警机为例计算某目标突防过程中的临界散射截面.      

仿生机器鱼尾鳍拍动的控制算法

两关节尾鳍拍动控制是一个在高速、大载荷下的运动控制问题,它要求同时保证速度和位置波形失真都比较小.论证了尾鳍拍动推进方式与鱼体波动推进方式的一致性,根据尾鳍拍动的运动规律导出了用于拍动控制的数学模型.基于SPC-III机器鱼硬件平台,在主臂控制上,提出了根据摆角位置解算转速,并结合时间与摆角位置关系进行速度补偿的算法;在小臂控制上,提出了根据两关节摆角位置的关系及程序循环周期解算小臂目标位置的跟随算法.对高频拍动的实现进行了探讨.在试验中对尾鳍拍动的跟随性进行了验证.      

Estimation of GPS instrumental biases from small scale network

With 4 GPS receivers located in the equatorial anomaly region in southeast China, this paper proposes a grid-based algorithm to determine the GPS satellites and receivers biases, and at the same time to derive the total electron content (TEC) with time resolution of 15 min and spatial resolution of 1° by 3.5° in latitude and longitude. By assuming that the TEC is identical at any point within a given grid block and the biases do not vary within a day, the algorithm arranges unknown biases and TECs with slant path TEC from the 4 receivers’ observations into a set of equations. Then the instrumental biases and the TECs are determined by using the least squares fitting technique. The performance of the method is examined by applying it to the GPS receiver chain observations selected from 16 geomagnetically quiet days in four seasons of 2006. It is found that the fitting agrees with the data very well, with goodness of fit ranging from 0.452 TECU to 1.914 TECU. Having a mean of 0.9 ns, the standard deviations for most of the GPS satellite biases are less than 1.0 ns for the 16 days. The GPS receiver biases are more stable than that of the GPS satellites. The standard deviation in the 4 receiver bias is from 0.370 ns to 0.855 ns, with a mean of 0.5 ns. Moreover, the instrumental biases are highly correlated with those derived from CODE and JPL with independent methods. The typical precision of the derived TEC is 5 TECU by a conservative estimation. These results indicate that the proposed algorithm is valid and qualified for small scale GPS network.     

Simulation analysis for effects of bone loss on acceleration tolerance of human lumbar vertebra

The purpose of the present study was to analyze and predict the changes in acceleration tolerance of human vertebra as a result of bone loss caused by long-term space flight. A human L3–L4 vertebra FEM model was constructed, in which the cancellous bone was separated, and surrounding ligaments were also taken into account. The simulation results demonstrated that bone loss has more of an effect on the acceleration tolerance in x-direction. The results serve to aid in the creation of new acceleration tolerance standards, ensuring astronauts return home safely after long-term space flight. This study shows that more attention should be focused on the bone degradation of crew members and to create new protective designs for space capsules in the future.     

Study on O2 generation and CO2 absorption capability of four co-cultured salad plants in an enclosed system

The ability to generate O₂ and absorb CO₂ of several co-cultured vegetable plants in an enclosed system was studied to provide theoretical reference for the future man-plant integrated tests. Four kinds of salad plants (Lactuca sativa L. var. Dasusheng, Lactuca sativa L. var. Youmaicai, Gynura bicolor and Cichorium endivia L.) were grown in the CELSS Integration Test Platform (CITP). The environmental factors including O₂ and CO₂ concentration were continuously monitored on-line and the plant biomass was measured at the end of the test. The changing rules of O₂ and CO₂ concentration in the system were basically understood and it was found that the O₂ generated by the plants could satisfy the respiratory needs of 1.75 persons by calculation. It was also found that the plants could absorb the CO₂ breathed out by 2 persons when the light intensity was raised to 550 mmol m⁻² s⁻¹ PPF. The results showed that the co-cultured plants hold good compatibility and excellent O₂-generating and CO₂-absorbing capability. They could also supply some fresh edible vegetable for a 2-person crew.     

基于流固耦合的充气翼内压对翼面变形影响分析

基于ABAQUS-FLUENT软件开展柔性充气翼流固耦合分析,采用反距离加权平均法实现耦合界面气动压力分布传递,采用常体积转换法实现变形数据传递,分析获得了充气翼翼面刚度和屈曲特性与翼面内外压差的关系;建立了充气翼模拟加载试验系统验证了分析方法的可行性.结果表明,流固耦合方法用于充气翼变形分析是可行的,分析结果与模拟试验结果能够较好地吻合.