刷式密封刷丝摩擦磨损特性实验研究

建立了基于柱面圆周摩擦的直接测力法与间接转矩法两种刷式密封摩擦因数实验识别模型,设计搭建了刷式密封摩擦磨损特性实验装置,设计加工了8种不同结构参数的刷式密封实验件,实验对比分析了两种摩擦因数识别模型的实验结果,研究了结构参数对刷丝与转子表面正压力影响、工况参数对刷丝摩擦因数影响、干涉量对刷丝磨损影响。结果表明：直接测力法与间接转矩法测得的刷丝摩擦因数彼此相差较小,直接测力法稳定性优于间接转矩法。刷式密封刷丝与转子表面静态和动态正压力均随后挡板保护高度的增加而增大,随刷丝径向长度的增加而减小,随刷丝束厚度的增加而增大;相同干涉量下,静态正压力大于动态正压力;刷式密封刷丝与转子表面正压力在干涉加载阶段大于干涉卸载阶段,在转速升高阶段大于转速降低阶段,刷丝表现出滞后效应。刷式密封刷丝摩擦因数随刷丝与转子间干涉量的增加而降低,随转子转速的增加而降低;随摩擦时长增加,摩擦因数在磨损初期先迅速降低,之后基本保持稳定。刷式密封刷丝磨损量随刷丝与转子间干涉量的增加而增大,刷丝与转子间干涉量由0.3 mm增加至0.4 mm时,刷丝磨损量增大了296.66%。     

介质阻挡放电等离子体发光特性的光谱分析

利用光谱仪作为等离子体的诊断手段,开展了一系列实验,包括等离子体光谱强度与电源电压和频率的关系、等离子体光谱强度沿弦向的变化规律、降低气压以及冲入其它气体对等离子体发光强度的影响.实验中发现等离子体发光强度与电源电压是线性关系而频率对发光强度影响不大;发光强度沿弦向变化规律近似为高斯分布;降低气压、冲入氦气都可增强等离子体发光强度.这些工作为开展进一步的实验研究以及数值模拟工作奠定了基础.      

复合材料的冲击吸能与动态黏弹特性

考察了玻璃纤维、炭纤维、芳纶和UHMWPE纤维复合材料(分别称为GFRP,CFRP,AFRP和DFRP)层板的低速冲击吸能,并采用高载动态热机械分析仪EPLEXOR500分析了其纤维复丝的动态黏弹性的载荷敏感性.结果表明:冲击吸能明显受纤维性能及层板破坏模式的影响,呈韧性破坏的AFRP和DFRP的冲击吸能明显高于呈脆性破坏的GFRP和CFRP.在动态热机械分析中,静载增大使得储能模量升高但损耗角正切减小,动载增大时正好相反,且在这些影响中有机纤维复丝动态黏弹性较无机纤维复丝表现出更显著的载荷敏感性和非线性.4种层板的吸能大小与其纤维复丝储能模量载荷敏感性的强弱以及损耗角正切大小的顺序相同:DFRP>AFRP>GFRP>CFRP,反映出材料宏观冲击性能与表征其微观结构特征的黏弹性能的相关性.      

直升机中减飞溅润滑流场分析与优化方法

为探究某型直升机中间减速器飞溅润滑油-气两相流分布与参数优化方法,首先基于计算流体力学（CFD）思想建立了中减飞溅润滑数值计算模型;采用多相流（VOF）及动网格等模型计算获得了机匣内部的油液分布与导油管的润滑油流量;分析了浸油深度和输入转速对齿面与轴承（通过导油管的润滑油流量体现）润滑效果的影响规律。然后在直升机中减传动试验台上开展试验,验证仿真的可行性。结果显示：建议的中减浸油深度为17~26 mm、输入转速为4 000~6 000 r/min;试验测得4个导油管的润滑油流量趋势与CFD仿真计算结果一致,且有一个导油管收集不到润滑油,说明该导油管的结构不合理。     

Novel laboratory approaches to multi-purpose aquatic bioregenerative closed-loop food production systems

Based on the construction principle of the Closed Equilibrated Biological Aquatic System (C.E.B.A.S.) two novel combined animal-plant production systems were developed in laboratory scale the first of which is dedicated to mid-term operation in closed state up to two years. In principle both consist of the "classic" C.E.B.A.S. subcomponents: animal tank (Zoological Component), plant cultivators (Botanical Component), ammonia converting bacteria filter (Microbial Component) and data acquisition/control unit (Electronical Component). The innovative approach in the first system is the utilization of minimally three aquatic plant cultivators for different species. In this one the animal tank has a volume of about 160 liters and is constructed as an "endless-way system" surrounding a central unit containing the heat exchanger and the bacteria filter with volumes of about 1.5 liters each. A suspension plant cultivator (1 liter) for the edible duckweed Wolffia arrhiza is externally connected. The second plant cultivator is a meandric microalgal bioreactor for filamentous green algae. The third plant growth facility is a chamber with about 2.5 liters volume for cultivation of the "traditional" C.E.B.A.S. plant species, the rootless buoyant Ceratophyllum demersum. Both latter units are illuminated with 9 W fluorescent lamps. In the current experiment the animal tank contains the live-bearing teleost fish Xiphophorus helleri and the small pulmonate water snail Biomphalaria glabrata because their physiological adaptation to the closed system conditions is well known from many previous C.E.B.A.S. experiments. The water temperature is maintained at 25 degrees C and the oxygen level is regulated between 4 and 7 mg/l by switching on and off the plant cultivator illuminations according to a suitable pattern thus utilizing solely the oxygen produced by photosynthesis. The animals and the microorganisms of filter and biofilm provide the plants with a sufficient amount of carbon dioxide. Oxygen concentration, pH value, temperature and redox potential are on-line recorded. Ion concentrations and numbers of living germs in the system water are determined twice monthly in the laboratory from samples taken from a special "sample removal module"; the sample volume is automatically replaced from an reservoir container. A rotatory pump produces a water flow of about 38 l/min. For a similar smaller test system with approx. 10 l volume developed from the C.E.B.A.S.-MINI-MODULE a novel indirect solar energy supply is tested which has a buffer capacity to maintain the system for 7 days in darkness under central European climate conditions also in winter. It contains only a single plant cultivator which is operated with Wollfia arrhiza. This lemnacean plant is able to produce large amounts of plant biomass in a short time by vegetative reproduction via daughter fronds. This easy-to-handle apparatus is dedicated to be operative more than 4 month. The experimental animals and microorganisms are the same as in the large system. The paper provides detailed information on the system construction principles and the biological, physical and chemical data of the initial phase of the test runs of both systems with the main focus on the large one.     

Animal protein production modules in biological life support systems: novel combined aquaculture techniques based on the Closed Equilibrated Biological Aquatic System (C.E.B.A.S.)

Based on the experiences made with the Closed Equilibrated Biological Aquatic System (C.E.B.A.S.) which was primarily deveoloped for long-term and multi-generation experiments with aquatic animals and plants in a space station highly effective fresh water recycling modules were elaborated utilizing a combination of ammonia oxidizing bacteria filters and higher plants. These exhibit a high effectivity to eliminate phosphate and anorganic nitrogen compounds and arc. in addidition. able to contribute to the oxygen supply of the aquatic animals. The C.E.B.A.S. filter system is able to keep a closed artificial aquatic ecosystem containing teleost fishes and water snails biologically stable for several month and to eliminate waste products deriving from degraded dead fishes without a decrease of the oxygen concentration down to less than 3.5 mg/l at 25 °C. More advanced C.E.B.A.S. filter systems, the BIOCURE filters, were also developed for utilization in semiintensive and intensive aquaculture systems for fishes. In fact such combined animal-plant aquaculture systems represent highly effective productions sites for human food if proper plant and fish species are selected The present papers elucidates ways to novel aquaculture systems in which herbivorous fishes are raised by feeding them with plant biomass produced in the BIOCURE filters and presents the scheme of a modification which utilizes a plant species suitable also for human nutrition. Special attention is paid to the benefits of closed aquaculture system modules which may be integrated into bioregenerative life support systems of a higher complexity for, e. g.. lunar or planetary bases including some psychologiccal aspects of the introduction of animal protein production into plant-based life support systems. Moreover, the basic reproductive biological problems of aquatic animal breeding under reduced gravity are explained leading to a disposition of essential research programs in this context.     

风洞试验多通道数据采集与动态参数实时处理系统

为新型飞机发动机进气道动态畸变参数测试而研制了两代全数字化、智能化测试系统。64通道独立同时采样；高速32bit浮点运算DSP对畸变参数作实时处理；100Mbyte以上大容量在线存储器，存储全部原始数据、中间结果和处理结果；被测参数时间历程曲线、采样数据时间历程曲线及2D、3D动态图形和数表显示及输出；系统自检功能及坏点自动检测与修补功能；图形化及汉化菜单，友好的人机界面。硬件与软件的模块化与开放式结构，以便广泛应用于其他需要作多通道数据采集和动态参数实时处理的场合。     

衬底温度对共溅射法制备的Cu2ZnSnS4薄膜晶粒生长的影响

研究了衬底温度对采用Cu2ZnSnS4靶和Cu靶共溅射制备的Cu2ZnSnS4薄膜晶粒生长的影响。采用拉曼光谱、X射线能量色散谱仪、扫描电子显微镜和紫外 可见 近红外分光光度计对在不同衬底温度条件下制备的Cu2ZnSnS4薄膜 的元素比例、形貌以及光学带隙进行了表征与分析。结果表明制备的Cu2ZnSnS4薄膜晶粒生长遵循不同规律。室温衬底条件下制备的Cu2ZnSnS4薄膜晶粒生长遵循两步法,导致颗粒尺寸和元素分布不均;而在120~200 ℃衬底温度条件下制备的Cu-Zn-Sn-S预置层在溅射过程中已有Cu2ZnSnS4晶粒形成,这些晶粒在后续硫化生长过程中起到形核点的作用, 促进了Cu2ZnSnS4晶粒的长大与元素的均匀分布。随着衬底温度的升高,Cu-Zn-Sn-S预置层及由此制备出的Cu2ZnSnS4薄膜的结晶性变好,Cu2ZnSnS4薄膜的带隙先升高后减小至1.55 eV。     

数字化制造技术在航空液压壳体类零件加工中的应用

通过航空液压控制壳体零件的典型结构特征,基于CATIA/CAM平台,创建了刀具库、刀柄库,以及壳体孔系特征编程模块,将实物资源数字化、有序化,实现资源的共享及零件的快速编程,提升壳体的编程效率。通过创建机床仿真模型,定义全要素仿真要素,实现壳体零件加工的全要素虚拟仿真验证,并通过定制仿真后输出的加工报表,为生产准备提供了BOM清单。逐步将航空液压壳体类零件的加工向“无纸化”加工推进。