基于蜂窝纸板的系留平台缓冲分析与试验

为保证系留气球平台在空投着陆中的安全,必须对其中的压力气瓶进行缓冲分析与实验。文章采用蜂窝纸板作为气瓶缓冲材料,采用LS-DYNA软件,并依据蜂窝纸板实际参数处理材料模型,仿真分析了在不同蜂窝纸板厚度、不同跌落速度和不同着陆姿态下的缓冲过程。根据仿真结果,设计了蜂窝纸板缓冲结构和加速度检测模块,采用吊车起吊跌落进行了实验验证。仿真分析和实验结果均表明,蜂窝纸板厚度为500mm,跌落速度低于10m/s时,气瓶缓冲后加速度低于20gn,可满足空投着陆应用要求。文章基于LS-DYNA的蜂窝纸板缓冲有限元分析是可行的,研究结果对于气瓶类装备的着陆缓冲结构设计有参考价值。     

轮盘概念设计中拓扑和形状同时优化方法

为了减小人为选择参数对优化结果的影响,针对航空发动机轮盘概念设计阶段的结构优化问题,提出了拓扑和形状同时优化(STSO)法.该方法是在变密度(SIMP)法的基础上,通过分析优化目标和约束的灵敏度,用序列二次规划优化(SQP)法进行求解.接着,以板壳结构为例,对比分析了STSO法和分步优化法的结果,说明了拓扑和形状同时优化方法的优点.最后,将同时优化方法应用于轮盘结构概念设计,对比分析了使用拓扑和形状同时优化方法与单独拓扑优化方法进行轮盘结构优化的结果,探讨了不同振型对应的频率约束对优化结果的影响.结果表明,不同振型对应的频率约束下优化结果的结构形式呈现多样性;相较于单独拓扑优化方法,STSO法收敛速度较快、结果也更精确;但是由于形状优化变量取值范围选取不当,有可能会出现网格畸变过大,而导致STSO法所得的结果无效.      

考虑局部应力效应的轮盘子午面破裂转速预测

平均应力法用于航空发动机轮盘破裂转速预测时结果一般偏大,对于带螺栓孔的轮盘破裂转速预测误差更大。考虑局部应力效应对平均应力法进行修正,引入修正因子来表征轮盘子午面平均周向应力和危险部位局部应力对轮盘破裂转速的加权影响。通过开展典型轮盘材料GH4169的光滑试样和缺口试样拉伸试验,并开展了两件模拟盘破裂转速测量试验,得到修正因子与缺口强度比的关系,然后同时采用这两种方法对某涡轮盘的破裂转速进行了预测,并开展了验证试验。试验结果表明:平均应力法预测结果偏大,误差达到了9.4%,而考虑局部应力修正后,预测值仅略低于试验值,误差仅2.67%。考虑局部应力效应的轮盘子午面破裂转速预测方法简单可靠,具有较高的工程实用价值。      

基于聚类的多标记选择性集成

多标记学习和选择性集成是机器学习中的两个热点研究问题。本文利用聚类思想探究多标记学习中的选择性集成, 提出了两种具体的多标记选择性集成算法：基于最小距离的簇中心选择算法（Minimum distance based cluster center selection,MDCCS）和基于K-means的簇中心选择算法（K-means based cluster center selection, KMCCS）。在所提出的算法中,如何度量学习器之间的距离是其能否成功的关键因素。本文首先基于学习器的分类结果对其进行重新表示,在此基础上给出了学习器之间距离的计算方式。此外, 对于算法中的空簇问题给出了两种解决方法。基于Mulan数据库中的多标记数据集和5种评价指标对所提算法进行了详细的分析,实验结果表明了所提算法的有效性。     

鲁棒设计及其可靠性(英文)

讨论了鲁棒设计与可靠性工程的基本关系。可靠性分为失效和性能衰减两种情况。本文仔细论证了鲁棒设计的三种方法：系统设计、参数设计和误差设计。它们均可在不同层面上对产品可靠性进行改进,故将可靠性方法与鲁棒设计方法相结合使用后,可以提高产品的质量和可靠性。     

应用现代CAD技术建立形体构成教学体系的探索

本文提出传统理论和现代技术必须从理论上结合,通过对组合体理论与几何造型理论的对比分析,重新定义了基本概念,应用现代CAD技术构建了新的形体构成教学体系.     

Adaptive canceler and pulse compressor interactions

Performance results for the sidelobe level of a compressed pulse that has been preprocessed through an adaptive canceler are obtained. The adaptive canceler is implemented using the sampled matrix inversion algorithm. Because of finite sampling, the quiescent compressed pulse sidelobe levels are degraded due to the preprocessing of the main channel input data stream (the uncompressed pulse) through an adaptive canceler. It is shown that if N is the number of input canceler channels (main and auxiliaries) and K is the number of independent samples per channel, then K/N can be significantly greater than one in order to retain sidelobes that are close to the original quiescent sidelobe level (with no adaptive canceler). Also it is shown that the maximum level of degradation is independent of whether pulse compression occurs before or after the adaptive canceler if the uncompressed pulse is completely contained within the K samples that are used to calculate the canceler weights. This same analysis can be used to predict the canceler noise power level that is induced by having the desired signal present in the canceler weight calculation     

Second time around radar return suppression using PRI modulation

A technique for suppressing second-time-around radar returns using pulse-repetition interval (PRI) modulation is presented and analyzed. It is shown that a staggered PRI radar system can offer considerable improvement over a nonstaggered radar system in rejecting second-time-around returns which cause false alarms. This improvement is a function of detector implementation (noncoherent integrator or binary integrator), the number of staggered PRIs, the quiescent false alarm number, the Swerling number of the false return, the transmitted signal power, the second-time-around noise power, and the quiescent noise power of the radar. Small changes in transmitted signal power can be traded off with the quiescent false alarm number to suppress the bogus return significantly. In addition, for a noncoherent integrator, all other parameters being equal, if the second-time-around return is a Swerling case II or IV target, then there is an optimum number of staggered PRIs that can be chosen to minimize the likelihood of its detection. It is also shown that the binary integrator significantly reduces the number of second-time-around return detections when compared with the noncoherent integrator. However, there is an accompanying loss of detection     

Equivalent transformation for a partially adaptive array

A partially adaptive array is one in which elements of a phased array are controlled or adaptively weighted in groups or in which certain elements, called auxiliary elements, are made controllable. Mathematically, this type of array is formed by transforming all of the elements of an array by a nonsquare matrix such that the resulting output vector has a length less than the number of array elements. It is shown that there is an equivalent matrix transform that can effectively be utilized in analyzing the partially adaptive array's performance when a small number of external jammers are present. Processor implementation and convergence rate considerations lead to the desirability of reducing the dimensionality of the cancellation processor while maintaining good sidelobe interference protection. A meaningful measure of canceller performance is to compute the optimal output signal-to-noise ratio. This expression is a function of the jammer, direction-of-arrival vectors (DOAVs), jammer powers, the array steering vector, and internal noise. It is shown that if this expression is computed for the fully adaptive array then it is easily computed for the partially adaptive array by transforming the jammer DOAVs and the steering vector by the orthogonal projection matrix defined by the rows of the subarray transformation matrix and substituting these vectors back into the original expression for the fully adaptive array     

The effect of the clutter-to-noise ratio on Doppler filterperformance

The effect of the clutter-to-noise ratio on the performance of a Doppler filter is considered. Clutter is assumed to have a power level which is unknown and varies in range. The assessment of the performance of a Doppler filter is based on the gain of the filter, which is the normalized output signal-to-interference ratio improvement at a given Doppler. The gain is generally a complex function of the statistics of the clutter. New upper and lower bounds on the gain differential between the expected design point clutter-to-noise ratio and the actual clutter-to-noise ratio are found. These bounds are independent of the clutter covariance matrix and are only a function of the unknown clutter-to-noise ratio. The bounds are valid for both Gaussian and non-Gaussian noise and for arbitrary linear filters. The upper and lower bounds differ by the theoretical coherent integration gain, 10 logN dB, where N is the number of pulses. A tighter lower bound is found for the case when the filters are matched filters. A simple exact expression is found for matched filters assuming a Gaussian Markov clutter model as the clutter spectral width approaches zero. An easily implementable adaptive procedure is given which improves performance due to the unknown clutter-to-noise ratio. This work extends a previous result, valid for the Emerson filter, that shows the effect of clutter-to-noise ratio on performance in terms of an average quantity, the improvement factor