平稳色噪声背景下相干信源DOA估计的新算法

提出一种基于对称均匀线阵的波达方向(DOA)估计新方法.该算法在未知噪声协方差矩阵为复对称Toeplitz结构的情况下,利用空间差分方法和相干信源信息Toeplitz矩阵重构相结合,来处理同时存在相干、非相干信源的情况.该算法在提高阵列的信源过载能力的同时,可明显减小运算量.计算机仿真结果证明了算法的有效性和正确性.     

80C31微处理器单粒子效应敏感性地面试验研究

文章针对不同厂家的80C31微处理器,利用重离子、锎源模拟源进行单粒子效应地面试验研究。详细介绍了80C31微处理器单粒子效应试验原理、试验方法、试验系统的软硬件组成以及试验取得的结论。通过试验研究获得了80C31微处理器单粒子翻转和单粒子锁定特征参数。研究结果可为被测器件在卫星型号的使用提供技术参考依据。     

基于跟踪微分器的姿控喷管故障检测

针对航天飞行器姿控喷管故障的检测问题，提出了一种基于跟踪微分器(TD)的故障检测方法。该方法在考虑测量噪声、安装误差、转动惯量误差、姿控喷管特性、质心偏移等因素的基础上，设计了带低通滤波器的跟踪微分器，用来估计姿控喷管的输出力矩，并根据上述对象的实际偏差设计了无故障时估计力矩随指令力矩变化的力矩包络，即在无故障时估计力矩不会超出包络，通过检测估计力矩是否超出包络来判断是否发生故障。通过数学仿真，表明该方法能有效检测航天飞行器姿控喷管的故障，检测成功率高并且几乎没有误检。     

Encounter trajectories for deep space mission ASTER to the triple near Earth asteroid 2001-SN263. The laser altimeter (ALR) point of view

In cooperation with Russia, the Brazilian deep space mission ASTER plans to send a small spacecraft to investigate the triple asteroid 2001-SN263. The nearest launch opportunities for this project include June 2022 and June 2025. One main exploration campaign is being planned with focus on the largest asteroid (Alpha). Among the instruments under development, a laser altimeter (named ALR) was preliminarily designed and presented in 2010–2011. Many studies to define mission and instruments requirements were performed aiming at the characterization of important issues for the successful realization of the mission. Among them, the identification of a suitable trajectory that could be followed by the ASTER spacecraft in the encounter phase, when the main campaign will take place. This paper describes the effort undertaken with focus on the laser altimeter operation. Possible encounter trajectories were modelled and simulated to identify suitable approach parameters and conditions allowing the accomplishment of the intended investigation. The simulation also involves the instrument operation, considering approach geometry, attitude, relative motion, time/date, and the dynamics of the main asteroid. From the laser altimeter point of view, keeping in mind the desired coverage results (50% minimum surface coverage of asteroid Alpha, complying with horizontal and vertical resolution requirements), results point out crucial features for the encounter trajectory, like the need for a small inclination (10^-6 degrees; with respect to the asteroid's orbit), the most favourable spacecraft positioning (between the Sun and the asteroid) and pointing condition (back to the Sun), the minimum amount of achievable surface coverage (58%, focused on central areas), and the most proper time to conduct the main campaign (January 2025). Concerning the instrument, results offer refined values for divergence angle (500 to 650 μrad, half-cone), pulse repetition frequencies (from 1/20 to 1 Hz), and consequent data generation rates. A simulation tool that can use any 3D generated trajectories as input data was created for the analyses presented here. Although created for the ALR in this mission, this simple analysis tool can be adapted to other instruments in this or other missions.     

面向资源受限无人系统的深度神经网络轻量化软件设计与应用

地外探测无人系统具有存储、算力和能量等资源受限的特点.以深度学习为基础的感知、定位和决策算法可有效提升无人系统的智能化水平,而这类算法通常需要高算力,难以直接应用于地外探测无人系统.首先针对剪枝和量化的深度神经网络模型轻量化方法,在公开数据集上对多种算法进行定量分析.其次,提出基于剪枝、量化的轻量化计算方案,实现了基于模块化配置的轻量化计算软件StarLight,对深度神经网络进行快速轻量化和性能评估,解决了模型难以直接应用到计算资源受限系统的问题.最后,基于StarLight,对应用于火星车实验系统中的多种任务模型进行轻量化,在计算功耗≤15 W、计算处理主频≤1.2 GHz和计算存储容量≤1TB的受限资源条件下,实现了深度神经网络模型部署.实验表明,该软件能够满足计算资源受限系统的深度神经网络模型轻量化需求,为进一步提升地外探测无人系统的智能化水平奠定了基础.     

Discriminating satellite IR anomalies associated with the MS 7.1 Yushu earthquake in China

In the process of exploring pre-earthquake thermal anomalies using satellite infrared data, Blackett et al. (2011) found that the previously reported anomalies before the 2001 Mw 7.7 Gujarat earthquake, in India, were related to positive biases caused by data gaps due to cloud cover and mosaicing of neighboring orbits of MODIS satellite data. They supposed that such effects could also be responsible for other cases. We noted a strip-shaped TIR anomaly on March 17th, 2010, 28?days before the Ms. 7.1 Yushu earthquake (Qin et al., 2011). Here we again investigate multi-year infrared satellite data in different bands to discriminate whether the anomaly is associated with the earthquake, or is only bias caused by the data gaps. From the water vapor images, we find lots of clouds that have TIR anomalies. However, on the cloudiness background, there is an obvious strip-shaped gap matching the tectonic faults almost perfectly. In particular, the animation loops of hourly water vapor images show that the cloud kept moving from west to east, while they never covered the strip-shaped gap. We consider that the cloud with this special spatial pattern should have implied the abnormal signals associated with the seismogenic process. Based on current physical models, the satellite IR anomalies both on TIR and water vapor bands can qualitatively be explained using synthetic mechanisms.     

关于甚低频无线电波在电离层中衰减的计算

对甚低频无线电波在电离层中由碰撞引起的衰减进行了分析计算．利用二维傅里叶变换的方法,导出了衰减量随电子的碰撞频率、波的工作频率和地磁场的方向变化的解析表达式．给出了不同地磁场方向下衰减量随工作频率变化的数值结果．      

遥感小卫星简介——以"北京一号"小卫星为例

高性能对地观测小卫星DMC 4--“北京一号”2005年10月27日在俄罗斯普列谢茨克发射场由宇宙3M火箭成功发射。文章针对小卫星的结构特点和数据特点,指出DMC小卫星图像数据具有获取灵活、重返周期短和大区域覆盖等优势,在地质灾害的调查、监测和预警工作中具有巨大的应用潜力。