民用飞机吊挂指形罩鸟撞分析

指形罩结构位于吊挂前缘,作为动力装置整流罩体的一部分,为吊挂及发动机提供气动外形,并为燃油、液压、电气、环控等系统管路提供保护和通路。指形罩的位置及功能决定了其结构必须满足鸟撞要求,承受鸟体撞击后不能影响飞机安全。通常采用鸟撞试验对指形罩结构抗鸟撞性能进行适航验证。为了降低适航验证周期和成本,一般通过鸟撞分析来降低取证试验的撞击点数量。介绍了一种吊挂指形罩鸟撞分析过程和方法,并对分析方法进行了工程试验验证,得到一种可靠的指形罩鸟撞分析方法,为类似的飞机整流结构的鸟撞分析提供了参考。     

考虑发动机性能退化的涡轮叶尖间隙预估方法研究

针对有主动间隙控制的某型高压涡轮,建立了考虑发动机退化的叶尖间隙预估模型,重点研究了发动机在长期使用、性能退化过程中涡轮前燃气温度和蠕变变形对叶尖间隙的影响。研究中,首先分析了间隙预测中发动机性能退化影响的引入方式,建立了对应的间隙预估流程。随后以某型发动机典型工作历程为对象,对比研究了传统间隙控制方案、考虑发动机性能退化影响两种条件下的涡轮叶尖间隙尺度变化规律,并据此开展了间隙控制策略的优化调整。研究中发现,由于发动机性能的退化,导致涡轮前燃气温度升高,使得机匣、轮盘和叶片的热变形量增大,其中在最大巡航阶段对机匣的影响最大,其伸长量达到了6.914mm,与未退化前相比增大了17%,同时由于发动机的长期使用,叶片和轮盘受蠕变变形影响,导致叶尖间隙的变化。研究结果表明,采用优化后的主动间隙控制方案,各个工况下的叶尖间隙值均控制在合理范围内,尤其在高温起飞阶段,与退化状态下的间隙值相比提高了53%,有效避免了叶片严重碰摩等故障发生。     

7YSZ coating prepared by PS-PVD based on heterogeneous nucleation

Plasma spray-physical vapor deposition (PS-PVD) as a novel coating process based on low-pressure plasma spray (LPPS) has been significantly used for thermal barrier coatings (TBCs). A coating can be deposited from liquid splats, nano-sized clusters, and the vapor phase forming different structured coatings, which shows obvious advantages in contrast to conventional technologies like atmospheric plasma spray (APS) and electron beam-physical vapor deposition (EB-PVD). In addition, it can be used to produce thin, dense, and porous ceramic coatings for special applications because of its special characteristics, such as high power, very low pressure, etc. These provide new opportunities to obtain different advanced microstructures, thus to meet the growing requirements of modern functional coatings. In this work, focusing on exploiting the potential of gas-phase deposition from PS-PVD, a series of 7YSZ coating experiments with various process conditions was performed in order to better understand the deposition process in PS-PVD, where coatings were deposited on different substrates including graphite and zirconia. Meanwhile, various substrate temperatures were investigated for the same substrate. As a result, a deposition mechanism of heterogeneous nucleation has been presented showing that surface energy is an important influencing factor for coating structures. Besides, undercooling of the interface between substrate and vapor phase plays an important role in coating structures.     

High-temperature oxidation behavior and analysis of impedance spectroscopy of 7YSZ thermal barrier coating prepared by plasma spray-physical vapor deposition

Quasi-columnar structure 7YSZ(yttria stabilized zirconia) thermal barrier coatings(TBCs) are prepared by plasma spray-physical vapor deposition(PS-PVD) onto pretreated and un-pretreated bond coating, respectively. An isothermal oxidation experiment of 7YSZ TBCs is carried out in the atmosphere of 950 °C in order to simulate the high-temperature oxidation process of engine blades. The isothermal oxidation process of 7YSZ thermal barrier coatings is investigated systematically by impedance spectroscopy. The electrochemical physical model and equivalent circuit of columnar 7YSZ coatings are established. Results show that the isothermal oxidation kinetic curve of columnar 7YSZ thermal barrier coatings appears to follow the parabolic law. A pretreatment of bond coating can reduce the growth rate of the thermally grown oxide(TGO) layer, restraining the initiation and propagation of microcracks between YSZ and TGO layers. The oxidation rate constants of 7YSZ coatings with pretreated and un-pretreated bond coating are 0.101×10~(-12) cm~2·s~(-1) and 0.115 × 10~(-13) cm~2 ·s~(-1), respectively. Impedance analysis shows that the content of oxygen vacancies decreases and the density increases after the TGO layer is oxidized for 150 h. In addition, shrinkage microcracks formed by sintering during the oxidation process is the main reason for an increase of the capacitance and a decrease of the resistance in the grain boundary of YSZ.     

跨声压气机动静干涉效应的数值研究

采用数值方法对一轴流跨声压气机在设计点的非定常流场进行了模拟, 对级内动静干涉进行了深入分析, 研究了尾迹和位势作用等对动静叶表面气动负荷的影响.计算结果表明:在压气机中, 上游动叶的尾迹等对静叶通道内部流动, 叶片表面静压的波动, 以及边界层流动损失的发生、发展和输运产生明显的影响, 需要在设计中加以考虑.      

旋转半受限单孔冲击局部换热特性实验

利用热膜法测量局部换热系数Nu,对旋转条件下半受限冲击射流的换热特性开展了实验研究.通过改变冲击雷诺数Re(20 00035 000)和旋转数Ro(00.003 441)等参数,讨论了旋转状态对半受限单孔冲击换热特性的影响.实验结果表明:旋转显著影响了冲击靶面的局部换热系数分布规律.在实验工况范围内,靶面局部(平均)Nu数均是先随着旋转数Ro的增加而增强,后又随着旋转数Ro的增加而减小.实验中还观察到同静止情况相似,旋转条件下半受限冲击射流的冷却效果也是随着冲击Re的增加而不断提高.      

Pd-Co-Ni-V钎料钎焊SiC陶瓷的接头组织及性能

采用座滴法研究了PdCo合金及PdCo-V合金对SiC陶瓷的润湿性.设计的PdCo-(4～20)V-(2～4)Ni-Si-B钎料可用于SiC的连接,在1463 K,1493 K两个温度,保温时间均为10 min的连接条件下得到的接头室温三点弯曲强度分别为52.0 MPa和56.8 MPa.微观分析表明,接头中在紧靠SiC的界面交叉分布着Pd2Si相与CoSi (或Co2Si) 石墨的混合相,而元素V只在接头的中央富集,形成了弥散分布的V2C相.     

小空间内冲击/气膜复合冷却换热特性试验

利用相似理论的原理, 试验研究了封闭小空间内冲击/气膜复合冷却内表面的换热特性.研究中通过改变冲击Re数（1000040000）、冲击距离H和冲击孔直径D之比H/D（0.172.0）, 在2种冲击孔和气膜孔间距P和冲击孔直径D之比P/D（0, 1）条件下, 细致分析冲击Re数、H/D对复合冷却内表面局部换热特性的影响.结果表明, 在本文的试验工况中, 冲击靶板上的局部Nu数随着冲击Re的增加而不断变大, 而Nu数随着H/D的变化规律并非单调.当P/D=0, H/D=2时换热效果达到最佳;P/D=1时, 在X/D=±3范围内, 小冲击Re数条件下H/D=0.17和H/D=2的换热效果比较接近, 大冲击Re数条件下H/D=1和H/D=2的换热效果比较接近.      

斜劈缝涡轮导向叶片尾缘出流气体流动特性数值分析

通过RNG k-ε湍流模型求解可压流的N-S方程,研究燃气轮机涡轮导向叶片尾缘劈缝出流冷气的流动情况。对斜劈缝涡轮叶片的尾缘部分建立了二维模型,根据航空发动机工况设置边界条件并进行数值模拟。研究表明,由于外流和叶片叶盆尾缘厚度的影响,叶盆尾缘端部形成局部回流,叶片尾缘劈缝气体流出后受压力梯度的影响先抬起与叶背面分离,在流过一段距离后由于跨音速流膨胀波的作用,冷气流再次附着在叶背尾缘上。文章讨论了涡轮叶片叶盆不同尾缘厚度、倾斜角度、几何造型对尾缘劈缝处流体流动特性的影响,对比了不考虑外流流动影响时尾缘劈缝处流动情况的影响。      

SAR图像非平稳性对图像模型和滤波降噪方法的影响

从随机过程理论角度按平稳程度把合成孔径雷达(SAR)图像分为分辨单元内平稳、分辨单元内不平稳、处理窗内局部平稳和处理窗内局部不平稳4种情况,研究了非平稳性对图像的斑点乘性噪声模型、场景-斑点乘积模型和结构邻域模型的影响,得出各自的平稳性适用条件,并在此基础上评价了各种滤波降噪方法的性能,用实际数据进行了验证.