满足约束的Gn连续过渡曲面的构造

在Erich Hartmann提出的由两基曲面线性组合构造G^n连续过渡曲面方法的基础上，针对该方法存在很难找到合适的参数变换的问题，提出了一种基于基曲面局部区域重新参数化构造G^n连续过渡曲面的方法。通过对基曲面上切触线附近区域部分曲面重新参数化，再由重新参数化局部基曲面线性组合构造G^n连续过渡曲面。这样将两基曲面间构造过渡曲面的问题转化为在重新参数化局部基曲面间构造过渡曲面。以构造G^1连续的翼身融合面为例，讨论了满足约束要求条件时G^2连续过渡面的构造方法。即先对基曲面上过渡切触线附近的局部区域进行重新参数化，后通过优化求解来确定比例因子和偏移量、平衡因子和调配因子，使过渡曲面满足前后边条线约束，最后利用线性组合来构造G^2连续的过渡面。约束过渡曲面的形状可通过改变重新参数化基曲面的大小来调整．     

锌渣的固化处理及浸出毒性试验研究

采用药剂稳定化、水泥固化以及二者结合等方法对锌渣进行了处理研究。结果表明重金属螯合剂的药剂稳定化和水泥固化相结合的方法处理锌渣,其重金属含量可以低于固体废物毒性浸出标准的限值,能有效控制对周围环境的污染。所以,采用药剂稳定化和水泥固化结合的方法处理锌渣是完全可行的。     

星光折射航天器自主定轨方案比较

当星光透射大气发生折射时 ,用星光折射角精确地反映星光在大气中离地球表面的高度 ,并建立高度、航天器与地球的几何关系。通过对折射角进行观测 ,间接测得地平 ,从而改善了用地平仪直接测地平所造成的航天器自主导航精度低的不足。本文提出了几种利用星光折射的航天器自主定轨方案 ,并作了细致的仿真实验 ,对直接和间接两种测量地平方法以及几种星光折射自主定轨方案进行了分析比较。     

Ariane transfer vehicle in service of man in orbit

The Ariane transfer vehicle (ATV), an Ariane 5 borne, unmanned propulsion vehicle, is designed to transport the logistics needed to resupply the International Space Station (ISS) and the man tended free flyer (MTFF) step 2 with pressurized and unpressurized cargo and to dispose the waste. The ATV is an expendable vehicle and is disposed of by a safe atmospheric burn up. In accordance with the AR5 schedule it should be operational in 1996 for missions toward ISS and beyond the year 2000 for MTFF 2 missions. The main constituents of the proposed ATV are the modified AR5 third stage L5, an upgraded VEB steering the launcher as well as the ATV and the P/L-adaptor providing mechanical and umbilical links to the payload. The mechanical part of the RVD-kit will be placed on the payload-module, the main RVD sensors are located on the adaptor and the needed computer intelligence will be integrated on the VEB. To minimize the development, and recurring costs, the ATV concept fully complies to the idea of maximum use of existing hardware and software, mainly from the AR5, Hermes and Columbus programs thus minimizing development and recurring costs. The ATV is compatible to ISS, MTFF and OMV and is able to transport logistic modules compatible with NSTS and U.S.-expendable launchers.     

论近代湖南人才辈出的原因

近代以来,湖南人才辈出,形成了以曾国藩、谭嗣同、黄兴、毛泽东等为代表的前后相承的人才群体。文章从湖湘文化的影响、湖南人独特的个性特征、便利的地理条件、近代中国社会历史条件和阶级斗争状况等方面阐述湖南人才辈出的形成。     

航天飞行器防热部件烧蚀行为的数值模拟

对航天飞行器防热部件在氧－煤油发动机火焰喷吹下的烧蚀行为进行了有限元数值模拟。利用“杀死”单元的方法建立防热部件瞬态温度场的有限元模型，实现了烧蚀边界的退缩，从而完成了对烧蚀尺寸变化的定量描述。烧蚀开始于4．59s，到12s时线烧蚀量为1．47mm。计算结果与试验的实测结果一致。     

LISA — a study of the ESA cornerstone mission for observing gravitational waves

The primary objective of the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) mission is to detect and observe gravitational waves from massive black holes and galactic binaries in the frequency range 10⁻⁴ to 10⁻¹ Hz. This low-frequency range is inaccessible to ground-based interferometers because of the unshieldable background of local gravitational noise and because ground-based interferometers are limited in length to a few km. LISA is an ESA cornerstone mission and recently had a system study (Ref. 1) carried out by a consortium led by Astrium, which confirmed the basic configuration for the payload with only minor changes, and provided detailed concepts for the spacecraft and mission design. The study confirmed the need for a drag-free technology demonstration mission to develop the inertial sensors for LISA, before embarking on the build of the flight sensors. With a technology demonstration flight in 2005, it would be possible to carry out LISA as a joint ESA-NASA mission with a launch by 2010 subject to the funding programmatics. The baseline for LISA is three disc-like spacecraft each of which consist of a science module which carries the laser interferometer payload (two in each science module) and a propulsion module containing an ion drive and the hydrazine thrusters of the AOCS. The propulsion module is used for the transfer from earth escape trajectory provided by the Delta II launch to the operational orbit. Once there the propulsion module is jettisoned to reduce disturbances on the payload. Detailed analysis of thermal and gravitational disturbances, a model of the drag-free control and of the interferometer operation confirm that the strain sensitivity of the interferometer will be achieved.     

按降低轨迹灵敏度综合最优设计飞行控制系统

本文提出了一个按降低轨迹灵敏度综合最优设计飞行控制系统的方法。它能使系统具有满意的动态品质,同时对系统参数的变化及非线性产生的影响具有较强的鲁棒性。该设计方法具有通用性和程序化,系统实现简单。     

卫星编队飞行的无速度测量非线性鲁棒控制

本文基于带有界干扰的线性动力学模型，研究了卫星编队飞行中的相对位置控制问题。首先，在线性二次型最优控制的基础上，设计了一种非线性控制律，并使用李雅普诺夫稳定性理论证明了系统的稳定性。接着，通过对线性系统状态观测器进行改进，得到了一种非线性速度观测器，观测误差被证明是渐近收敛的。观测器与控制律的结合实现了无速度测量的控制，闭环系统被证明是渐近稳定的。文末的数值仿真验证了理论分析。     

伴随卫星的燃料-时间优化回收

伴随卫星回收是伴星应用中的一项主要技术。航天任务需求对伴星回收问题不仅提出了最省燃料要求，而且提出了最小时间要求。本文设计了一条稳定的燃料-时间优化回收轨道。从相对运动的Hill方程出发，给出伴星回收问题描述，阐述回收轨道设计思想及稳定回收条件，提出一种有效的螺旋式回收策略，探讨参数确定方法，并对回收轨道的特点和稳定性进行分析，最后研究了燃料消耗量与回收时间及初始相位的关系。仿真结果表明，利用螺旋回收策略，可以保证伴随卫星快速、稳定回收，且能在燃料消耗量与回收时间之间寻求最佳折衷。