除冰气囊以及简化模型对气动特性影响研究

除冰气囊作为涡桨类飞机常用的除冰系统,评估其对全机气动特性的影响对飞行性能与安全有重要意义。基于某飞机上安装的气囊除冰系统,采用CFD 方法模拟其工作时的全机气动特性,研究气囊简化模型对计算结果的影响。结果表明：随气囊膨胀高度增加,对全机气动特性影响显著,失速迎角提前约10°,最大升力系数损失近60%,最大升阻比降低约2.9;受膨胀气囊外形影响,机翼前缘呈展向流动特征,后缘流动分离区域长度与除冰气囊的安装长度相当;机翼前缘压力分布受膨胀气囊外形的影响出现震荡,从而影响整个翼面的压力分布;随简化气囊膨胀高度增加,失速迎角最大提前约1°,最大升力系数损失约21%,最大升阻比降低约2.2。     

Exploration and implementation of commonality valuation method in commercial aircraft family design

Commercial aircraft family design can reduce development costs, shorten development cycles, and expand the market coverage of aircraft. Commercial aircraft family development has become one of the most important features of modern aircraft design. This paper explores the effects of commonality on different aircraft models in a commercial aircraft family. The existing product commonality indexes are summarized and their limitations in the application to aircraft design are discussed. Then a new component commonality index is proposed based on the component decomposition structure. A model for calculating the aircraft program value is established,which considers development costs, manufacturing costs, sale price, operation costs and residual costs. The effects of aircraft commonality on time and economic costs of both development and manufacturing, and on sale price, are analyzed and quantified. The commonality evaluation strategy is obtained, which features comprehensive consideration of the aircraft program value and time costs. The break-even analysis of aircraft is proceeded on the basis of costs and price data. By using a real option method, the strategy considers the uncertainty of the aircraft program and the flexibility of the manufacturer. This strategy proves to be rational and applicable to aircraft design based on the calculation of three examples and the analysis of parameter sensitivity.     

卫星编队飞行的无速度测量非线性鲁棒控制

本文基于带有界干扰的线性动力学模型，研究了卫星编队飞行中的相对位置控制问题。首先，在线性二次型最优控制的基础上，设计了一种非线性控制律，并使用李雅普诺夫稳定性理论证明了系统的稳定性。接着，通过对线性系统状态观测器进行改进，得到了一种非线性速度观测器，观测误差被证明是渐近收敛的。观测器与控制律的结合实现了无速度测量的控制，闭环系统被证明是渐近稳定的。文末的数值仿真验证了理论分析。     

Autonomous navigation of Mars probe using X-ray pulsars: Modeling and results

Autonomous navigation of Mars probe is a main challenge due to the lack of dense ground tracking network measurements. In this paper, autonomous navigation of the Mars probe Orbits is investigated using the X-ray pulsars. A group of X-ray pulsars with high ranging accuracy are selected based on their properties and an adaptive extended Kalman filter is developed to incorporate the Mars probe dynamics and pulsar-based ranging measurements. Results of numerical experiment show that the three-dimensional positioning accuracy can achieve 750m in X-axis, 220m in Y-axis and 230m in Z-axis, which is much better than the positioning results by current Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) or Doppler observations with the accuracy of 150 km or several kilometers, respectively.     

某型发动机空气流量计算影响因素研究

本文采用不同方式计算了若干条件下某型发动机特定状态的空气流量,重点讨论了内圈总静压径向不均匀性、总静压周向不均匀性、最外转静压作为气动界面平均静压和近壁面流动对空气流量计算结果的影响,获得了有价值的结果修正数据,对气动界面的总静压测点布局和空气流量的准确计算具有一定的工程指导意义。     

微型涡流发生器控制压气机叶栅二次流的数值研究

二次流对压气机叶栅的性能有很大影响,为了探究微型涡流发生器(MVG)对于低马赫数来流叶栅的二次流控制情况,以一进口来流Ma0.1的高负荷轴流压气机叶栅为研究对象,用数值方法分别对设计攻角(-1°)以及失速攻角(8°)下的流场进行损失分析,并借鉴失速因子对不同组合形式的MVG进行对比。得出在-1°攻角下,大部分MVG具有延缓分离的作用,但都会引起损失增加;在8°攻角下,所有MVG都具有延缓分离、减少损失的作用。损失减少最多的一组VGdvg3达到6.3%,失速系数减小了46%,因此认为MVG对于大分离区域的控制较为有效。MVG主要控制0%~30%叶高方向损失,并且MVG的叶片间距以及安装位置也存在一个最佳范围,不易过大或过小。     

提高形状记忆合金丝工作频率的一种方法

研究了提高形状记忆合金（SMA）工作频率的物理方法--研制细丝。给出了拉拔细丝的工艺流程,从理论上分析了在不同的加热和冷却过程中丝径与响应速度的关系,对2种丝径的SMA丝进行了性能对比测试。同时测定了2种丝径的SMA的响应速度。结果表明,丝径的减小对丝的相变性能,如最大恢复应变、最大恢复应力等影响不大,但可显着提高其动作频率。     

系统工程在人机综合设计中的应用

人机综合(HSI)的目标是确保从任何计划或项目一开始就仔细考虑和规划人/系统集成,可以减少人为错误和生命周期成本(LCC)。通过将系统工程与HSI进行映射,并分析全生命周期每个阶段的里程碑评审的 HSI目标、HSI成功标准,以及全生命周期每个阶段主要的系统工程流程对应的关键 HSI活动,每个里程碑的主要 HSI成果物,可以将 HS1与系统工程流程进行紧密结合,在运用系统工程方法开展系统正向设计过程中充分开展 HSI设计。     

加压预处理对软质聚酰亚胺泡沫力学性能的影响

为解决软质聚酰亚胺泡沫初始状态力学性能的不稳定性,采用Solimide~?AC-550聚酰亚胺泡沫分别进行不同加压方式及加压压力的预压处理,并对预压处理的试样进行拉伸和压缩性能测试。结果表明:负压预处理对该泡沫所造成的力学性能损伤比正压更大;且在+4 kPa预处理时,可使得该泡沫获得相对稳定的力学性能,满足工程应用的需求。     

一种型号专用电源转换器快速检定系统的研制

阐述了依据Q/W 892A-2007《电源转换器检定规程》研制的型号专用电源转换器快速检定系统。通过研制专用拔出力检定装置和多功能智能转换开关,实现由PC机通过系统软件自动控制测试仪器进行检定以及检定结果的处理,并自动生成原始记录和证书报告。系统具有自动、智能等优点,能够实现电源转换器的快速检定。经应用,降低了劳动强度,节省了时间,提高了检定效率。