火/飞/推综合控制系统及其仿真平台研究

介绍了火/飞/推综合控制系统原理及其各个子系统的控制律设计方法。阐述了通过飞行、推进、火控等系统的综合实现自动飞行、自动攻击的原理和算法。开发了综合控制仿真设计平台,结合有效的任务管理及控制律剪裁实现了灵活的系统运行配置,将设计平台和仿真平台集为一体,并将多个系统的综合、测试、仿真在一个平台中实现。数字仿真表明,综合控制系统明显提高了飞机综合化、自动化水平,也验证了仿真平台达到了设计要求。     

基于面向对象的机房电力监控系统的设计与实现

利用Delphi开发工具和面向对象编程技术对机房电力监控系统进行设计,充分考虑到流式数据通信的特点,采用了多线程、循环缓冲等技术,设计了流式通信的框架基类,封装了一套通用的流式通信收发和分层处理机制,保证了数据采集和处理的实时性和正确性.完全遵循模块化设计原则,大大提高了开发效率和可扩展性.     

Dual-frequency ultrasound for detecting and sizing bubbles

ISS construction and Mars exploration require extensive extravehicular activity (EVA), exposing crewmembers to increased decompression sickness risk. Improved bubble detection technologies could help increase EVA efficiency and safety. Creare Inc. has developed a bubble detection and sizing instrument using dual-frequency ultrasound. The device emits “pump” and “image” signals at two frequencies. The low-frequency pump signal causes an appropriately-sized bubble to resonate. When the image frequency hits a resonating bubble, mixing signals are returned at the sum and difference of the two frequencies. To test the feasibility of transcutaneous intravascular detection, intravascular bubbles in anesthetized swine were produced using agitated saline and decompression stress. Ultrasonic transducers on the chest provided the two frequencies. Mixing signals were detected transthoracically in the right atrium using both methods. A histogram of estimated bubble sizes could be constructed. Bubbles can be detected and sized transthoracically in the right atrium using dual-frequency ultrasound.     

The origin and early evolution of membrane channels

The origin and early evolution of ion channels are considered from the point of view that the transmembrane segments of membrane proteins are structurally quite simple and do not require specific sequences to fold. We argue that the transport of solute species, especially ions, required an early evolution of efficient transport mechanisms, and that the emergence of simple ion channels was protobiologically plausible. We also argue that, despite their simple structure, such channels could possess properties that, at the first sight, appear to require markedly greater complexity. These properties can be subtly modulated by local modifications to the sequence rather than global changes in molecular architecture. In order to address the evolution and development of ion channels, we focus on identifying those protein domains that are commonly associated with ion channel proteins and are conserved throughout the three main domains of life (Eukarya, Bacteria, and Archaea). We discuss the potassium-sodium-calcium superfamily of voltage-gated ion channels, mechanosensitive channels, porins, and ABC-transporters and argue that these families of membrane channels have sufficiently universal architectures that they can readily adapt to the diverse functional demands arising during evolution.     

Pyrite-induced hydrogen peroxide formation as a driving force in the evolution of photosynthetic organisms on an early earth

The remarkable discovery of pyrite-induced hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) provides a key step in the evolution of oxygenic photosynthesis. Here we show that H2O2 can be generated rapidly via a reaction between pyrite and H2O in the absence of dissolved oxygen. The reaction proceeds in the dark, and H2O2 levels increase upon illumination with visible light. Since pyrite was stable in most photic environments prior to the rise of O2 levels, this finding represents an important mechanism for the formation of H2O2 on early Earth.     

The potential for lithoautotrophic life on Mars: application to shallow interfacial water environments

We developed a numerical model to assess the lithoautotrophic habitability of Mars based on metabolic energy, nutrients, water availability, and temperature. Available metabolic energy and nutrient sources were based on a laboratory-produced Mars-analog inorganic chemistry. For this specific reference chemistry, the most efficient lithoautotrophic microorganisms would use Fe(2+) as a primary metabolic electron donor and NO(3)(-) or gaseous O(2) as a terminal electron acceptor. In a closed model system, biomass production was limited by the electron donor Fe(2+) and metabolically required P, and typically amounted to approximately 800 pg of dry biomass/ml ( approximately 8,500 cells/ml). Continued growth requires propagation of microbes to new fecund environments, delivery of fresh pore fluid, or continued reaction with the host material. Within the shallow cryosphere--where oxygen can be accessed by microbes and microbes can be accessed by exploration-lithoautotrophs can function within as little as three monolayers of interfacial water formed either by adsorption from the atmosphere or in regions of ice stability where temperatures are within some tens of degrees of the ice melting point. For the selected reference host material (shergottite analog) and associated inorganic fluid chemistry, complete local reaction of the host material potentially yields a time-integrated biomass of approximately 0.1 mg of dry biomass/g of host material ( approximately 10(9) cells/g). Biomass could also be sustained where solutes can be delivered by advection (cryosuction) or diffusion in interfacial water; however, both of these processes are relatively inefficient. Lithoautotrophs in near-surface thin films of water, therefore, would optimize their metabolism by deriving energy and nutrients locally. Although the selected chemistry and associated model output indicate that lithoautotrophic microbial biomass could accrue within shallow interfacial water on Mars, it is likely that these organisms would spend long periods in maintenance or survival modes, with instantaneous biomass comparable to or less than that observed in extreme environments on Earth.     

一种基于链路状态的舱内环境自适应干扰消除算法

针对舱内无线光传输系统多种干扰问题,比如多径损耗和突发干扰等,提出一种基于链路状态的自适应干扰消除技术,该方法分析舱内链路状态,完成链路状态估计,采用环境自适应的变遗忘因子RLS（recursive least squares）算法,针对不同链路状态采取差异化的干扰消除策略,以提高舱内通信质量。仿真结果表明：该算法在尽力避免增加算法复杂度的条件下,相对于传统固定遗忘因子算法,在平稳状态下优先保证传输的误码性能,在链路状态变化时具有更好的收敛性能,灵活适应了舱内多种传输情况。