叶顶微喷气提高旋转畸变条件下低速轴流压气机失稳裕度的机理分析

对旋转畸变条件下轴流压气机的失稳特性进行了实验研究,结果表明,畸变影响区内叶顶泄漏流的前缘溢出造成了旋转失速的提前发生,缩减了压气机的失稳裕度.叶顶微喷气方法有效地提高了旋转畸变条件下轴流压气机的失稳裕度,其原因在于,实施叶顶微喷气后,临近失速时,压气机顶部畸变区诱发的分离团受到抑制,减少了其诱发旋转失速的可能性,从而实现扩稳目的.      

Cardiovascular and hormonal responses to bicycle exercise during lower body negative pressure

The purpose was to combine bicycle exercise and LBNP as a model to investigate the mechanisms regulating circulation during gravitatiobal stresses. METHODS: Cardiac Output (CO) by acetylene-, argon-, oxygen rebreathing; Heart Rate (HR) from ECG; Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) by arm cuff; Plasma Nor-Epinephrine (NE), Epinephrine (E), and Lactate (HLa) by isotope and enzymatic techniques respectively. Total Peripheral Resistance (TPR)=MAP/CO and stroke volume (SV)=CO/HR. Six subjects exercised at 180–200 Watts in the upright position on a mechanically braked computer controlled small bicycle ergometer placed in a LBNP box. The above parameters were measured at rest and at 5 and 9 min of exercise without and with LBNP at −30 or −40 mmHg (depending on LBNP tolerance). RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: In the face of an increased sympathetic nervous activity (Ne+E, TPR, and HR increased) during exercise in LBNP, there was a decrease in CO and SV indicating that the venous return was insufficient. However, HLa was unchanged demonstrating that the blood flow to the working muscles did not suffer.     

On the role of meteoritic impacts in the formation of organic molecules

It is suggested that the UV radiation, and shock and plasma phenomena which accompanied the hypervelocity impacts of solid bodies (meteorites and comets) onto the surface of the young Earth may have contributed to the synthesis of prebiotic organic molecules in the primitive atmosphere in a larger amount than was thought previously. The mechanisms responsible for this synthesis are discussed using information obtained from recent experimental and theoretical work on macroscopic hypervelocity impacts.     

On the stereoselective aminoacylation of RNA

Aminoacylation of the “internal” 2′-hydroxyl groups of poly(A) with the imidazolide of racemic DL-leucine resulted in the formation of an enantiomeric excess of the D-ester, whereas aminoacylation with the imidazolide of racemic N-3,5-dinitrobenzoyl-DL-leucine gave an enantiomeric excess of the L-ester. Comparison of these results with those obtained earlier for alanine shows that the larger side chain tends to favor the formation of the D-ester. High resolution proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy was performed on the D- and L-alanyl “internal” 2′-esters of 3′,5′-ApA. The resonance of the side chain methyl group of the D-ester is upfield from that of the L-ester, and the separation of the peaks increases with a decrease in temperature.     

Dynamic considerations for control of closed life support systems

Reliability of closed life support systems will depend on their ability to continue supplying the crew's needs in the face of perturbations and equipment failures. These dynamic considerations interact with the basic static (equilibrium) design through the sizing of storages, the specification of excess capacities in processors, and the choice of system initial state (total mass in the system). This paper uses a very simple system flow model to examine the possibilities for system failures even when there is sufficient storage to buffer the immediate effects of the perturbation. Two control schemes are shown which have different dynamic consequences in response to component failures.     

The organic aerosols of Titan

A dark reddish organic solid, called tholin, is synthesized from simulated Titanian atmospheres by irradiation with high energy electrons in a plasma discharge. The visible reflection spectrum of this tholin is found to be similar to that of high altitude aerosols responsible for the albedo and reddish color of Titan. The real (n) and imaginary (k) parts of the complex refractive index of thin films of Titan tholin prepared by continuous D.C. discharge through a 0.9 N₂/0.1 CH₄ gas mixture at 0.2 mb is determined from x-ray to microwave frequencies. Values of n (1.65) and k (0.004 to 0.08) in the visible are consistent with deductions made by ground-based and spaceborne observations of Titan. Many infrared absorption features are present in k(λ), including the 4.6 μm nitrile band. Molecular analysis of the volatile component of this tholin was performed by sequential and non-sequential pyrolytic gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. More than one hundred organic compounds are released; tentative identifications include saturated and unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons, substituted polycyclic aromatics, nitriles, amines, pyrroles, pyrazines, pyridines, pyrimidines, and the purine, adenine. In addition, acid hydrolysis produces a racemic mixture of biological and non-biological amino acids. Many of these molecules are implicated in the origin of life on Earth, suggesting Titan as a contemporary laboratory environment for prebiological organic chemistry on a planetary scale.     

Superclustering of galaxies and X-ray sources

An attempt is made to compare optical properties of Abell clusters with X-ray sources.     

Neutron stars: Classification and evolution

The general aproach is considered which describs the evolution of neutron stars in terms of their interaction with surrounding matter. All possible states of neutron stars are classified from this point of view. Classification and evolution of binaries contaning neutron stars are also considered.     

Problems with the concept of the inflationary universe

The picture of an exponentially increasing, “inflationary” phase of the early universe (Guth 1981; Linde 1982; Albrecht and Steinhardt 1982) may point the way to an understanding of our present universe without reference to extremely specific initial conditions. The model rests, however, on several assumptions which deserve critical examination.