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441.
López-Valverde Miguel A. Gerard Jean-Claude González-Galindo Francisco Vandaele Ann-Carine Thomas Ian Korablev Oleg Ignatiev Nikolai Fedorova Anna Montmessin Franck Määttänen Anni Guilbon Sabrina Lefevre Franck Patel Manish R. Jiménez-Monferrer Sergio García-Comas Maya Cardesin Alejandro Wilson Colin F. Clancy R. T. Kleinböhl Armin McCleese Daniel J. Kass David M. Schneider Nick M. Chaffin Michael S. López-Moreno José Juan Rodríguez Julio 《Space Science Reviews》2018,214(1):1-31
Space Science Reviews - Time measured by an ideal clock crucially depends on the gravitational potential and velocity of the clock according to general relativity. Technological advances in... 相似文献
442.
This paper deals with the technical features of designing an information-controlling system to prevent critical operating conditions of the helicopter flight, a technique for evaluating its effectiveness, analysis and synthesis of the measurement channels, forming of warning signals, and information support of the crew in abnormal situations. 相似文献
443.
In the paper, processes of high-energy electron beam interaction with plasma particles in a discharge channel of a stationary plasma thruster are analyzed and the results are presented. 相似文献
444.
H. M. Cuppen C. Walsh T. Lamberts D. Semenov R. T. Garrod E. M. Penteado S. Ioppolo 《Space Science Reviews》2017,212(1-2):1-58
The cross-disciplinary field of astrochemistry exists to understand the formation, destruction, and survival of molecules in astrophysical environments. Molecules in space are synthesized via a large variety of gas-phase reactions, and reactions on dust-grain surfaces, where the surface acts as a catalyst. A broad consensus has been reached in the astrochemistry community on how to suitably treat gas-phase processes in models, and also on how to present the necessary reaction data in databases; however, no such consensus has yet been reached for grain-surface processes. A team of \({\sim}25\) experts covering observational, laboratory and theoretical (astro)chemistry met in summer of 2014 at the Lorentz Center in Leiden with the aim to provide solutions for this problem and to review the current state-of-the-art of grain surface models, both in terms of technical implementation into models as well as the most up-to-date information available from experiments and chemical computations. This review builds on the results of this workshop and gives an outlook for future directions. 相似文献
445.
Paul Morgan Suzanne E. Smrekar Ralph Lorenz Matthias Grott Olaf Kroemer Nils Müller 《Space Science Reviews》2017,211(1-4):277-313
The HP3 instrument on the InSight lander mission will measure subsurface temperatures and thermal conductivities from which heat flow in the upper few meters of the regolith at the landing site will be calculated. The parameter to be determined is steady-state conductive heat flow, but temperatures may have transient perturbations resulting from surface temperature changes and there could be a component of thermal convection associated with heat transport by vertical flow of atmospheric gases over the depth interval of measurement. The experiment is designed so that it should penetrate to a depth below which surface temperature perturbations are smaller than the required measurement precision by the time the measurements are made. However, if the measurements are delayed after landing, and/or the probe does not penetrate to the desired depth, corrections may be necessary for the transient perturbations. Thermal convection is calculated to be negligible, but these calculations are based on unknown physical properties of the Mars regolith. The effects of thermal convection should be apparent at shallow depths where transient thermal perturbations would be observed to deviate from conductive theory. These calculations were required during proposal review and their probability of predicting a successful measurement a prerequisite for mission approval. However, their uncertainties lies in unmeasured physical parameters of the Mars regolith. 相似文献
446.
The Juno Waves Investigation 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
W. S. Kurth G. B. Hospodarsky D. L. Kirchner B. T. Mokrzycki T. F. Averkamp W. T. Robison C. W. Piker M. Sampl P. Zarka 《Space Science Reviews》2017,213(1-4):347-392
Jupiter is the source of the strongest planetary radio emissions in the solar system. Variations in these emissions are symptomatic of the dynamics of Jupiter’s magnetosphere and some have been directly associated with Jupiter’s auroras. The strongest radio emissions are associated with Io’s interaction with Jupiter’s magnetic field. In addition, plasma waves are thought to play important roles in the acceleration of energetic particles in the magnetosphere, some of which impact Jupiter’s upper atmosphere generating the auroras. Since the exploration of Jupiter’s polar magnetosphere is a major objective of the Juno mission, it is appropriate that a radio and plasma wave investigation is included in Juno’s payload. This paper describes the Waves instrument and the science it is to pursue as part of the Juno mission. 相似文献
447.
448.
A method for computing the PAM representation for weak continuous phase modulation (CPM) is presented and applied to the modulation defined in the enhanced flight termination system (EFTS) standard. The pulse-amplitude modulation (PAM) representation was used to formulate a reduced-complexity detector whose performance is within 0.7 dB of maximum likelihood detection and 5.6 dB better than limiter-discriminator detection in the additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) environment. The complexity of the reduced-complexity detector is less than 25% that of the maximum likelihood detector but, unlike the limiter-discriminator detector, requires a carrier phase PLL. In the presence of phase noise, the reduced-complexity detector outperforms limiter-discriminator detection when the RMS frequency deviation due to phase noise is less than 10% of the bit rate. 相似文献
449.
J.-A. Sauvaud D. Larson C. Aoustin D. Curtis J.-L. Médale A. Fedorov J. Rouzaud J. Luhmann T. Moreau P. Schröder P. Louarn I. Dandouras E. Penou 《Space Science Reviews》2008,136(1-4):227-239
SWEA, the solar wind electron analyzers that are part of the IMPACT in situ investigation for the STEREO mission, are described. They are identical on each of the two spacecraft. Both are designed to provide detailed measurements of interplanetary electron distribution functions in the energy range 1~3000 eV and in a 120°×360° solid angle sector. This energy range covers the core or thermal solar wind plasma electrons, and the suprathermal halo electrons including the field-aligned heat flux or strahl used to diagnose the interplanetary magnetic field topology. The potential of each analyzer will be varied in order to maintain their energy resolution for spacecraft potentials comparable to the solar wind thermal electron energies. Calibrations have been performed that show the performance of the devices are in good agreement with calculations and will allow precise diagnostics of all of the interplanetary electron populations at the two STEREO spacecraft locations. 相似文献
450.
The Plasma and Suprathermal Ion Composition (PLASTIC) Investigation on the STEREO Observatories 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A. B. Galvin L. M. Kistler M. A. Popecki C. J. Farrugia K. D. C. Simunac L. Ellis E. Möbius M. A. Lee M. Boehm J. Carroll A. Crawshaw M. Conti P. Demaine S. Ellis J. A. Gaidos J. Googins M. Granoff A. Gustafson D. Heirtzler B. King U. Knauss J. Levasseur S. Longworth K. Singer S. Turco P. Vachon M. Vosbury M. Widholm L. M. Blush R. Karrer P. Bochsler H. Daoudi A. Etter J. Fischer J. Jost A. Opitz M. Sigrist P. Wurz B. Klecker M. Ertl E. Seidenschwang R. F. Wimmer-Schweingruber M. Koeten B. Thompson D. Steinfeld 《Space Science Reviews》2008,136(1-4):437-486
The Plasma and Suprathermal Ion Composition (PLASTIC) investigation provides the in situ solar wind and low energy heliospheric ion measurements for the NASA Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory Mission, which consists of two spacecraft (STEREO-A, STEREO-B). PLASTIC-A and PLASTIC-B are identical. Each PLASTIC is a time-of-flight/energy mass spectrometer designed to determine the elemental composition, ionic charge states, and bulk flow parameters of major solar wind ions in the mass range from hydrogen to iron. PLASTIC has nearly complete angular coverage in the ecliptic plane and an energy range from ~0.3 to 80 keV/e, from which the distribution functions of suprathermal ions, including those ions created in pick-up and local shock acceleration processes, are also provided. 相似文献