MMS星座对磁层顶磁通量绳内离子惯性尺度结构的观测

利用MMS观测数据,对磁层顶通量绳内离子惯性尺度（d_i）的结构进行分析研究.结果发现,许多不同尺度（约1d_i至数十d_i）的通量绳内都存在具有d_i尺度的电流 j _m,其方向在磁层顶局地坐标系的-M方向,即与磁层顶查普曼-费拉罗电流同向,由电子在+M方向的运动（ v _em）携带.这些电流结构具有以下特征：磁鞘与磁层成分混合,磁场为开放形态;离子去磁化,电子与磁场冻结;N方向（即垂直于磁层顶电流片方向）的电场 E _n显著增大,幅度达到约20mV·m^-1,并伴有明显的尖峰状起伏,该增强和尖峰状起伏的电场对应于霍尔电场.分析表明,电流、电子与离子运动的偏离以及霍尔电场之间遵从广义欧姆定律,三者密切关联.进一步对磁层顶磁重联的探测数据进行分析发现,在很多重联区内也存在与通量绳内相似的结构,其尺度约为d_i量级,其中霍尔电场 E _N、电流 j _M和电子速度 v _eM均与通量绳内对应物理量的方向相同且幅度相近.基于上述观测事实,采用经典FTE通量绳模型,对通量绳内电流、电子运动和霍尔电场的起源进行了初步探讨,认为其来源于磁层顶无碰撞磁重联区内的相应结构,并且后者在离子尺度通量绳的形成过程中起到重要作用.     

Research priorities and plans for the International Space Station-results of the 'REMAP' Task Force

Recent events in the International Space Station (ISS) Program have resulted in the necessity to re-examine the research priorities and research plans for future years. Due to both technical and fiscal resource constraints expected on the International Space Station, it is imperative that research priorities be carefully reviewed and clearly articulated. In consultation with OSTP and the Office of Management and budget (OMB), NASA's Office of Biological and Physical Research (OBPR) assembled an ad-hoc external advisory committee, the Biological and Physical Research Maximization and Prioritization (REMAP) Task Force. This paper describes the outcome of the Task Force and how it is being used to define a roadmap for near and long-term Biological and Physical Research objectives that supports NASA's Vision and Mission. Additionally, the paper discusses further prioritizations that were necessitated by budget and ISS resource constraints in order to maximize utilization of the International Space Station. Finally, a process has been developed to integrate the requirements for this prioritized research with other agency requirements to develop an integrated ISS assembly and utilization plan that maximizes scientific output.     

The Kinelite Project: a new powerful motion analyser for Spacelab and space station

The goal of the Kinelite Project is to develop a space qualified motion analysis system to be used in space by the scientific community, mainly to support neuroscience protocols. The measurement principle of the Kinelite is to determine, by triangulation mean, the 3D position of small, lightweight, reflective markers positioned at the different points of interest. The scene is illuminated by Infra Red flashes and the reflected light is acquired by up to 8 precalibrated and synchronized CCD cameras. The main characteristics of the system are: Camera field of view: 45 degrees; Number of cameras: 2 to 8; Acquisition frequency: 25, 50, 100, or 200 Hz; CCD format: 256 x 256; Number of markers: up to 64; 3D accuracy: 2mm; Main dimensions: 45 cm x 45 cm x 30 cm; Mass: 23 kg; Power consumption: less than 200 W. The Kinelite will first fly aboard the NASA Spacelab; it will be used, during the NEUROLAB mission (4/98), to support the "Frames of References and Internal Models" (Principal Investigator: Pr. A. Berthoz, Co Investigators: J. McIntyre, F. Lacquaniti).     

ROSAT宽视场相机的污染与洁净

1990年6月1日由德、美、英三国联合研制的ROSAT卫星发射升空。英国在该项目中主要承担了远紫外线宽视场相机(XUV WFC)的任务。本文将描述在WFC研制生产过程中采取的洁净与污染控制措施,包括一些必要的设计方案,在组装、总装、测试过程中遇到的一些问题及获得的经验。本文讨论大量的污染问题、所采取的测量方法及得到的结论。这些方法和从中获取的经验会对以后研制对污染更敏感的项目起到十分实际的借鉴作用。     

边界层对可调节进气道性能的影响

给出了马赫数2-6、单位雷诺数（0．8-6．0）×10^7／m时下吹式风洞中可调节三维进气道的试验研究结果。研究了前缘前掠和后掠方案以及进气道人口前边界层的影响。测量了内流道内的压力分布、质量流量和总压恢复系数;确定了进气道启动与马赫数和流动工况的关系。研究结果表明：边界层对流场结构和模型进气道的性能有着决定性影响,相对简单的进气道调节方案可以增大其稳定运行范围。     

建立数字式行点阵记录仪标准特性的必要性

各地的遥测数据接收处理站都在用数字式行点阵记录仪来取代传统的笔式记录仪。前者具有多方面的优越性,并在实际应用中日益成为必不可少的设备。但由于工作原理和记录方式完全不同,人们很难将这两类记录仪的性能进行全面的类比,因此,在打算淘汰已经使用日久的笔式记录仪就使人举棋不定。目的:为数字式记录仪建立一套通用的标准特性;介绍有关的术语,以便对新旧系统进行正确的并且是可重复的比较。     

降阶脉冲发动机的点火控制逻辑

本文研究脉冲发动机在战术导弹,特别是空空导弹上的应用.因为其飞行任务要求对能量消耗作仔细地监控.一般的中程空空导弹使用助推-主发动机作为动力.除了接近交会之外,发射时导弹雷达导引头并不知道目标.一般的中程空空导弹使用比例导航或者在终段制导使用改进的比例导航,同时为了使导弹在较高的高度飞行以减小阻力,在中段附加了预编程的     

耐用防热方案的验证试验

为了给未来空间运载系统表面提供耐用的热防护,正在研制三种新型防热系统(TPS):钛合金多层壁、超级合金蜂窝和新的碳-碳多支柱结构。该文介绍这些方案的验证试验(热、振动、噪声、存放环境、雷击、气动热)。初步试验结果表明三种防热方案,可以在2300°F以下表面温度范围内使用。