环境试验数据和控制系统技术:过去、现在、将来

Michellich先生毕业于堪萨斯大学,获得博士学位。他1966年进入波音公司。他曾搞过土星V的仪表系统试验,S—IC级靜态点火数据处理,研究随机和瞬态数据处理程序、研究振动控制系统软件。现在他在波音航空工程实验室负责研制新的数据收集,试验控制和数据处理系统。     

欧空局的多任务地面基础设施(1996-2005)

为了支持欧空局(ESA)下世纪的多项卫星任务,该局正在建设地面多任务基础设施,支持1996-2006年之间预期发射的10多种不同类型的卫星(科学、地球观测、通信、货运飞船)。 该基础设施为不同任务提供公共的地面设施,其中心设在欧洲空间操作中心(ESOC),将延伸至FSA不同的地面站。 该基础设施包括6个主要系统: ·备有相应遥测、遥控处理器,以面向目标法建造的飞行控制系统; ·配有一整套综合性软件以及相关用户接口的飞行动力学系统,用于姿态和轨道的确定及控制; ·地面站监视及控制系统; ·遥测处理系统 ·遥控编码器; ·多用跟踪系统。 本文描述了该基础设施的各个系统,它们的相互接口以及实施计划。论述了该基础设施的设计方案以及采用的基本技术,特别突出了技术及操作上的先进性,以及这种方式的成本效益。     

甚高频石英晶体谐振器参数的自动测量

本文叙述了甚高频石英晶体谐振器全部参数的自动精密测量方法。对整个测量系统,包括数据处理用的小型计算机在内,都已作了布置,并对125兆赫和175兆赫石英晶体谐振器进行了测量。测量结果表明,该系统可以作为一种精密测量甚高频晶体谐振器全部参数的装置。     

减少数字遥测数据中噪声的数值滤波技术

本文介绍了几种事后数值滤波技术。在数字遥测数据用于自动化计算机数据分析以前,利用这些技术减少或/和消除数字遥测数据中的噪声。这种遥测数据噪声来源于遥测载波信号过小或完全丢失,引起接收的脉码调制(PCM)数据出错。剔除错误的采样数据是事后分析中一项特别重要的工作,因为被污染数据可能给自动化计算机事后数据分析过程造成错误或偏差。当这些错误在最终换算后的数据中常接近测量值的上限或下限(数据跳点),很容易从采样数据中滤除。数据噪声偶尔表现为比较小的、不明显的波动,则分析员只有从图形(而不是数表)才能看出有噪声。因此,这类噪声更难于数字滤波。通常,采用手工噪声剔除或平滑,其结果变化较大。其主要缺点是:对现今的高采样率数字系统,采样数据量很大,因而耗时过大。另外,任何一种手工滤波总是对操作员依赖性很大。对错误采样数据的检测和识别显然是数据滤波中最困难的一步。我们已研究出几种识别方法,并在消除和平滑技术以前先加以详细介绍。研究了这些方法的技术局限性,对此也作了介绍。最后,对每种方法用图形绘出滤波处理前后的几组数据例子。     

The face inversion effect in microgravity: is gravity used as a spatial reference for complex object recognition?

Complex objects are better recognized under a specific orientation. When presented upside down, a face, even very familiar, is recognized with greater difficulty than when presented upright ("Inversion effect"). Up to now it was not possible to decide whether the direction provided by gravity or the one provided by the retina and the body constitutes the spatial reference involved in this "Inversion effect". Three cosmonautes learned photographed faces on the ground and had to recognize them both on ground and on flight. Other photographed faces were learned in flight and where presented for recognition on flight. Results show that the Inversion effect is still present on flight for faces that have been learned on ground as well as for those learned on flight. Persistence of the inversion effect in 0-G shows that gravity is not involved as a spatial reference in recognition of faces. Learning and recognition performances of faces learned in flight were significantly lower than performances for faces learned on ground. A possible role of gravity in configural processing, but not in the Inversion effect, is suggested.     

以智能传感器为基础的光纤陀螺系统

市场对陀螺系统的需求是样机成本低和交付时间短。多数用户愿意购买现有设备，或者等待现有设备的短期改进型，原因是系列模块系统设计在新系统的研制中有着较低成本和较短反馈时间的优势。     

Evaluation of theories of complex movement planning in different levels of gravity

Due to high redundancy of degrees of freedom in the human body, we can perform any movement, from the simplest to the most complex, in many different ways. Several studies are still trying to identify the motor strategies that master this redundancy and generate the movements whose characteristics are highly stereotyped. The aim of this work is to build a simulator that is able to evaluate different motor planning hypotheses. The most interesting applications of this tool occur in studies of the motor strategy in microgravity conditions. The comparison between simulated movements and kinematics data recorded both on Earth, and during a 5-month mission on board the Mir station shows that for a complex whole-body movement (such as trunk bending) a single planning criterion cannot explain all movement aspects. However, the simulator allows an understanding of the motor planning adaptation of astronauts. In space, the lack of equilibrium constraint (which on Earth brings about the center of mass control) leads to a new motor strategy that minimizes dynamic interactions with the floor.     

用幅相法测量石英晶体

本文提出了有关研制自动测试系统的几个问题,该系统采用了国际电工委员会第444号公告中所推荐的传输测试法。业已证明,当试图对电阻与总并联电容的电抗之比具有很大数值(本文中定义为α)的晶体进行测量时,这种方法是失败的。本文进一步详述了全自动测试系统中电容凋零网络的使用情况。讨论了使用微处理器CPU的自动测试系统,并给出了测量数据。列出了在10兆赫到183兆赫范围内所测得的晶体的测量数据。这些测量说明在频率为1×10~(-8)量级上以及动态参数小于0.5％的标准偏差的可重复性是极好的。