The O/OREOS mission: first science data from the Space Environment Survivability of Living Organisms (SESLO) payload

We report the first telemetered spaceflight science results from the orbiting Space Environment Survivability of Living Organisms (SESLO) experiment, executed by one of the two 10?cm cube-format payloads aboard the 5.5?kg Organism/Organic Exposure to Orbital Stresses (O/OREOS) free-flying nanosatellite. The O/OREOS spacecraft was launched successfully to a 72° inclination, 650?km Earth orbit on 19 November 2010. This satellite provides access to the radiation environment of space in relatively weak regions of Earth's protective magnetosphere as it passes close to the north and south magnetic poles; the total dose rate is about 15 times that in the orbit of the International Space Station. The SESLO experiment measures the long-term survival, germination, and growth responses, including metabolic activity, of Bacillus subtilis spores exposed to the microgravity, ionizing radiation, and heavy-ion bombardment of its high-inclination orbit. Six microwells containing wild-type (168) and six more containing radiation-sensitive mutant (WN1087) strains of dried B. subtilis spores were rehydrated with nutrient medium after 14 days in space to allow the spores to germinate and grow. Similarly, the same distribution of organisms in a different set of microwells was rehydrated with nutrient medium after 97 days in space. The nutrient medium included the redox dye Alamar blue, which changes color in response to cellular metabolic activity. Three-color transmitted intensity measurements of all microwells were telemetered to Earth within days of each of the 48?h growth experiments. We report here on the evaluation and interpretation of these spaceflight data in comparison to delayed-synchronous laboratory ground control experiments.     

Validity and Sensitivity of a Brief Psychomotor Vigilance Test (PVT-B) to Total and Partial Sleep Deprivation

The Psychomotor Vigilance Test (PVT) objectively assesses fatigue-related changes in alertness associated with sleep loss, extended wakefulness, circadian misalignment, and time on task. The standard 10-min PVT is often considered impractical in applied contexts. To address this limitation, we developed a modified brief 3-min version of the PVT (PVT-B). The PVT-B was validated in controlled laboratory studies with 74 healthy subjects (34 female, aged 22-45 years) that participated either in a total sleep deprivation (TSD) study involving 33 hours awake (N=31 subjects) or in a partial sleep deprivation (PSD) protocol involving 5 consecutive nights of 4 hours time in bed (N=43 subjects). PVT and PVT-B were performed regularly during wakefulness. Effect sizes of 5 key PVT outcomes were larger for TSD than PSD and larger for PVT than for PVT-B for all outcomes. Effect size was largest for response speed (reciprocal response time) for both the PVT-B and the PVT in both TSD and PSD. According to Cohen's criteria, effect sizes for the PVT-B were still large (TSD) or medium to large (PSD, except for fastest 10% RT). Compared to the 70% decrease in test duration the 22.7% (range 6.9%-67.8%) average decrease in effect size was deemed an acceptable trade-off between duration and sensitivity. Overall, PVT-B performance had faster response times, more false starts and fewer lapses than PVT performance (all p<0.01). After reducing the lapse threshold from 500 ms to 355 ms for PVT-B, mixed model ANOVAs indicated no differential sensitivity to sleep loss between PVT-B and PVT for all outcome variables (all P>0.15) but the fastest 10% response times during PSD (P<0.001), and effect sizes increased from 1.38 to 1.49 (TSD) and 0.65 to 0.76 (PSD), respectively. In conclusion, PVT-B tracked standard 10-min PVT performance throughout both TSD and PSD, and yielded medium to large effect sizes. PVT-B may be a useful tool for assessing behavioral alertness in settings where the duration of the 10-min PVT is considered impractical, although further validation in applied settings is needed.     

坐标转换误差对差分GPS测量精度的影响

分析了差分GPS测量中采用简易坐标转换方法，其两坐标系点平移、坐标轴旋转和尺度不一致参数对定位结果的影响，指出了不同条件下应采用的坐标转换方法，对GPS在试验场的应用具有一定的指导意义。     

微型机械音叉陀螺的测试结果

德雷珠实验室与洛克威尔公司正联合采用微加工技术开发一种机动车上用的体积小、成本低的单晶体音叉陀螺。这种陀螺坚固耐用，本身具有平衡性，且容易生产。     

运用数字信号处理技术的转动速率检测和补偿

光纤陀螺研制的头十年重点主要放在光学元件的性能上；现在越来越多的注意力已转移到生产、装配过程，在恶劣环境下的性能，以及很重要的成本上。受温度、噪声和其他因素影响的模拟电路被较复杂的数字线路板所取代，原因是数字线路板有较高的性能、较小的空间和较低的成本。线路板还能进行温度效应的补偿并能满足用户的特殊要求，例如除角度速率外，还要求对角速率进行积分求得角度。     

多载波跳频TDMA系统中信道再分配算法

本文阐述了一种多载波跳频ＴＤＭＡ系统信道再分配的有效方法。在ＭＣＨ－ＴＤＭＡ系统中，信道由两个自由参数确定；载波频率和时隙。本文引入了呼叫重叠链的新概念。在重叠逻中，来自同一发站和去向同一收站的有关呼叫编成领接的呼叫流。     

苏联第一代洲际弹道导弹的终结

13日开始研制的P-16洲际导弹（SS-7）的第一次试验发射。当时,技术人员正在发射塔架上有条不紊地进行着发射前通常的准备工作,导弹燃料加注后没有迹象显示有任何不寻常之处。