利用摩阻力和宏观纹理模拟道（路）面的性能

本文介绍了利用国际摩擦指数(IFI)(International Friction Index)。随机模拟(道)路面性能时对抗滑和表面宏观纹理相互关系的研究。IFI包括抗滑和宏观纹理值，当宏观纹理影响到因速度不同而产生不同的抗滑力时，IFI提供了一种可用来与国际水准相比较的摩阻换算(记数)法。为了确定抗滑和宏观纹理的高、低品质状态，评价适时按排维护工作的道面摩擦指数(IFI)，确定了道面抗滑和纹理的阈值。其方法：(1)利用当地的专用设备测出摩擦值和宏观纹理值，并根据确定的IFI得出其阅值；(2)确定一个不变的IFI的阈值；(3)根据不变的IFI求修正后的专用设备的阈值。本文的分析中所用的数据是1994～1997年在匈牙利的沥青混凝土公路系统上收集的。研究表明利用修正后的专用设备的阈值建立的马克夫链式(Markov Chain)模型分析出的道面性能与实际道面性能的数据十分相似。     

用于卫星运载火箭的最佳Q制导法

研究一种以最佳Q制导为基础的闭合回路控制逻辑.这种制导系统控制卫星运载火箭沿着二维或三维轨道飞行,以将有效载荷送入指定的圆周轨道.改进后的Q制导算法使用所需的最佳速度矢量,使火箭从现有位置经两次推进加速转移到最终轨道上所需要的总冲减少到最小.所需的速度矢量可以看作是,在经过第一次推进加速后火箭在假想的转移轨道上的瞬时速度.针对这种最佳转移轨道,推导出一种简单明了的Q矩阵表达法,并概要论述大周期和小周期制导算法及形成操纵指令的原理.     

FLOW OF A VISCOUS FLUID PAST A FLEXIBLE MEMBRANE

This paper treats the numerical calculation of a steady two-dimensional viscous flow past a flexible membrane. Both edges of the membrane are fixed in the flow and its chord is set normal to the flow. The numerical calculations of the Navier-Stokes equation based on a finite difference method and a relaxation method are carried out for several values of the membrane tension in cases when the Reynolds numbers are 5, 10 and 20. It is found that the membrane tension has a minimum value below which there is no steady shape of the membrane. Two different shapes of the membrane are possible at a given value of tension: the one is of small deformation, while the other a large deformation. There appear twin vortices in the concave region of the membrane shape if its deformation increases to a certain extent.     

The effect of hypokinesia on lipid metabolism in adipose tissue

The increase of nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentration in plasma was observed in rats subjected to hypokinesia for 1-60 days. In the period of recovery (7 and 21 days after 60 days immobilization) the content of NEFA returned to control values. The increase of fatty acid release from adipose tissue was observed in hypokinetic rats, however the stimulation of lipolysis by norepinephrine was lower in rats exposed to hypokinesis. The decrease of the binding capacity and a diminished number of beta-adrenergic receptors were found in animals after hypokinesia. The augmentation of the incorporation of glucose into lipids and the marked increase in the stimulation of lipogenesis by insulin were found in adipose tissue of rats subjected to long-term hypokinesia. These results showed an important effect of hypokinesia on lipid mobilization, on lipogenesis and on the processes of hormone regulation in adipose tissue.     

用激光致冷的精确的~9Be+原子钟

在原子频标中采用激光致冷储存离子,因其大大地抑制了多普勒效应,将有可能达到非常高的准确度。利用~(201)Hg~+基态超精细跃迁的原子钟,其准确度与稳定度都可能超过1×10~(-15)量级。但用激光致冷的~9Be~+离子更易于用实验方法获得。所以,研究~9Be~+频标是为了研究离子储存频标中激光致冷的一般性问题。实验中约有300个~9Be~+离子储存在一彭宁陷阱(PenningTrap)中,用激光对其致冷。在～0.82T磁场时,观测到频率为303MHz的基态(MI,MJ)=(-3/2,1/2)→(-1/2,1/2)核自旋翻转超精细跃迁,其跃迁频率与一阶磁场无关。用时域Ramsey询问法测得线宽为25MHz。被锁定到该跃迁频率上的振荡器的稳定度达:采样时间间隔为400s<τ<3200s时(τ)≌2×10~(-11)。用测量离子速度分布的方法测定二阶多普勒频移约在5×10~(-14)量级。在本实验中,磁场不稳定性影响约在3×10~(-14)量级。所有其它系统误差估计皆小于3×10~(-14)。     

“自由”号运载火箭

提出一种一次性使用的低成本商业化运载火箭,即“自由”Ⅱ号运载火箭,它使用在压馈式第一级和泵馈式第二级,低地球轨道有效载荷能力为11.3t,同步轨道能力为 3.2—3.6t.低地球轨道的运载成本,小批量发射时为每次飞行2500万美元,大批量发射时(>10次/年),发射成本为880—1320美元/kg.